Table of Contents
The Top Ten Facts about the American Civil War x
Introduction xi
1 Causes of the Civil War 1
Regional Differences 2
Expansion and States' Rights 3
The Issue of Slavery 5
The Life of a Slave 6
The Fugitive Slave Act and the Underground Railroad 8
The Many Voices of Abolition 9
The Dred Scott Decision 12
Bleeding Kansas 13
John Brown's Harpers Ferry Raid 14
Secession 15
2 On the Eve of War 19
The Nation Splits 20
The Union 21
The Confederate States of America 23
The Border States 26
Making Armies and Officers 29
Union and Confederate Cabinet Officers 31
3 Lincoln and Davis: Leaders of the North and South 35
Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis 36
Abraham Lincoln's Childhood Years 37
Lincoln's Early Politics 39
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 40
Lincoln's First Presidential Election 42
Jefferson Davis: A Short Biography 44
4 Military Leaders of the North and South 49
Politics and Generals 50
Winfield Scott 51
George B. McClellan 52
Ulysses S. Grant 53
William Tecumseh Sherman 55
David Farragut 56
Robert E. Lee 57
Jeb Stuart 59
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson 60
Pierre G. T. Beauregard 62
Joseph E. Johnston 62
Other Important Military Figures 63
5 The Course of the War: 1861 67
Besieging Fort Sumter 68
The Fall of Fort Sumter 70
The Anaconda Plan and the Beginning of the Blockade 72
The First Battle of Manassas 74
Attacking Port Royal Sound and the Outer Banks 76
Ball's Bluff and Belmont 77
6 The Course of the War: 1862 Part I 81
Fort Henry 82
Fort Donelson 83
Peninsular Campaign Begins 85
The Battle of Shiloh 87
The Valley Campaign 89
The Seven Days Battles 91
7 The Course of theWar: 1862 Part II 95
Jackson Versus Pope in Virginia 96
Second Manassas 97
Antietam 98
The Invasion of Kentucky 101
Target Vicksburg 103
Fredericksburg 104
8 The Course of the War: 1863 Part I 107
Murfreesboro 108
Grant Maneuvers Against Vicksburg 109
The Battle of Chancellorsville 110
Lee Moves North 112
Victory on the Mississippi 114
Cavalry Raids North and South 116
9 The Course of the War: 1863 Part II 119
Gettysburg 120
Lee Versus Meade after Gettysburg 124
The Battle of Chickamauga 125
Chattanooga Besieged 128
The Battle of Chattanooga 129
Knoxville Relieved 130
10 The Course of the War: 1864 Part I 133
That Devil Forrest 134
Up the Red River 135
Battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania 136
The Drive on Atlanta 139
Confederate Success at Richmond and New Market, Virginia 140
From Cold Harbor to Petersburg 141
11 The Course of the War: 1864 Part II 143
General Early Heads for Washington, D.C. 144
Sherman Wins Atlanta 144
The Struggle for the Shenandoah Valley 146
Hood Heads for Tennessee 148
Sherman Marches to the Sea 149
Lincoln's Second Presidential Election 151
12 The End of the Civil War 155
Sherman's March Through the Carolinas 156
The Collapsing Confederacy 157
The Final Battles Around Petersburg 159
The Surrender of Robert E. Lee 161
The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 165
Flight of the Confederate Government 168
Very Last Battles 169
13 War off the Battlefield 171
Naval Warfare Begins 172
The Monitor Versus the Merrimac 175
Island No. 10 176
The Battle of New Orleans 178
The Battle of Memphis 179
The Battle of Mobile Bay 181
Sabotage and Far-Fetched Plots 182
Guerilla Warfare 184
14 The War in the West and Other Places 185
The War in Kansas, Missouri, and Arkansas 186
The War in Texas 189
War in Florida 190
War in the Far West 191
War on the Atlantic and Pacific 192
The "War" in Europe 195
15 Weapons of War 199
Weapons Innovations 200
Small Arms 200
Muskets and Rifles 201
Handguns 206
Swords and Sabers 207
Artillery 208
16 Life in the Service 213
Camp Life 214
Uniforms 219
What the Average Soldier Wore 221
Flags of the North and South 225
17 Horrors of War 229
Battlefield Conditions 230
Casualties 232
Prisoners of War 234
Battlefield Medicine 238
War Doctors 240
Nurses and Clara Barton 241
18 Away from the Mainstream 243
African-American Participation in the Civil War 244
Ethnic Makeup of the Civil War 248
Chronicling the Civil War 250
Photography 251
Espionage During the Civil War 253
Women and Children on the Battlefield 255
19 Family Life During the Civil War 259
America on the Eve of Destruction 260
Family Life 262
City Life 266
Farm Life 269
Plantation Life 270
Religion 273
20 Reconstruction and Remembrance 275
Reconstruction 276
Confederate Exiles 280
The Official End of Slavery 282
African Americans after the War 283
Appendix A The Civil War Timeline 286
Appendix B Resources 299
Index 301
