The Land Beneath the Ice: The Pioneering Years of Radar Exploration in Antarctica

A wondrous story of scientific endeavor—probing the great ice sheets of Antarctica

From the moment explorers set foot on the ice of Antarctica in the early nineteenth century, they desired to learn what lay beneath. David J. Drewry provides an insider’s account of the ambitious and often hazardous radar mapping expeditions that he and fellow glaciologists undertook during the height of the Cold War, when concerns about global climate change were first emerging and scientists were finally able to peer into the Antarctic ice and take its measure.

In this panoramic book, Drewry charts the history and breakthrough science of radio-echo sounding, a revolutionary technique that has enabled researchers to measure the thickness and properties of ice continuously from the air—transforming our understanding of the world’s great ice sheets. To those involved in this epic fieldwork, it was evident that our planet is rapidly changing, and its future depends on the stability and behavior of these colossal ice masses. Drewry describes how bad weather, downed aircraft, and human frailty disrupt the most meticulously laid plans, and how success, built on remarkable international cooperation, can spawn institutional rivalries.

The Land Beneath the Ice captures the excitement and innovative spirit of a pioneering era in Antarctic geophysical exploration, recounting its perils and scientific challenges, and showing how its discoveries are helping us to tackle environmental challenges of global significance.

1141002879
The Land Beneath the Ice: The Pioneering Years of Radar Exploration in Antarctica

A wondrous story of scientific endeavor—probing the great ice sheets of Antarctica

From the moment explorers set foot on the ice of Antarctica in the early nineteenth century, they desired to learn what lay beneath. David J. Drewry provides an insider’s account of the ambitious and often hazardous radar mapping expeditions that he and fellow glaciologists undertook during the height of the Cold War, when concerns about global climate change were first emerging and scientists were finally able to peer into the Antarctic ice and take its measure.

In this panoramic book, Drewry charts the history and breakthrough science of radio-echo sounding, a revolutionary technique that has enabled researchers to measure the thickness and properties of ice continuously from the air—transforming our understanding of the world’s great ice sheets. To those involved in this epic fieldwork, it was evident that our planet is rapidly changing, and its future depends on the stability and behavior of these colossal ice masses. Drewry describes how bad weather, downed aircraft, and human frailty disrupt the most meticulously laid plans, and how success, built on remarkable international cooperation, can spawn institutional rivalries.

The Land Beneath the Ice captures the excitement and innovative spirit of a pioneering era in Antarctic geophysical exploration, recounting its perils and scientific challenges, and showing how its discoveries are helping us to tackle environmental challenges of global significance.

39.95 In Stock
The Land Beneath the Ice: The Pioneering Years of Radar Exploration in Antarctica

The Land Beneath the Ice: The Pioneering Years of Radar Exploration in Antarctica

by David J. Drewry
The Land Beneath the Ice: The Pioneering Years of Radar Exploration in Antarctica

The Land Beneath the Ice: The Pioneering Years of Radar Exploration in Antarctica

by David J. Drewry

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Overview

A wondrous story of scientific endeavor—probing the great ice sheets of Antarctica

From the moment explorers set foot on the ice of Antarctica in the early nineteenth century, they desired to learn what lay beneath. David J. Drewry provides an insider’s account of the ambitious and often hazardous radar mapping expeditions that he and fellow glaciologists undertook during the height of the Cold War, when concerns about global climate change were first emerging and scientists were finally able to peer into the Antarctic ice and take its measure.

In this panoramic book, Drewry charts the history and breakthrough science of radio-echo sounding, a revolutionary technique that has enabled researchers to measure the thickness and properties of ice continuously from the air—transforming our understanding of the world’s great ice sheets. To those involved in this epic fieldwork, it was evident that our planet is rapidly changing, and its future depends on the stability and behavior of these colossal ice masses. Drewry describes how bad weather, downed aircraft, and human frailty disrupt the most meticulously laid plans, and how success, built on remarkable international cooperation, can spawn institutional rivalries.

The Land Beneath the Ice captures the excitement and innovative spirit of a pioneering era in Antarctic geophysical exploration, recounting its perils and scientific challenges, and showing how its discoveries are helping us to tackle environmental challenges of global significance.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780691237923
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publication date: 01/24/2023
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 464
File size: 151 MB
Note: This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

David J. Drewry is honorary fellow at Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge, and former director of the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge and of the British Antarctic Survey. His books include Glacial Geologic Processes and Antarctica and Environmental Change. A world-renowned glaciologist, he has a mountain and a glacier named after him in Antarctica. He lives in Cottingham, England.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations xiii

Preface xxiii

Acknowledgements xxix

1 The Antarctic Ice Sheet Puzzle 1

1.1 Prelude 1

1.2 Some History 2

2 Sounding through the Ice 8

2.1 Seismic Measurements of Ice Thickness 8

2.2 Gravity Measurements 12

2.3 Early Tests 13

2.4 The International Geophysical Year and Its Aftermath 15

3 The Advent of Radio-Echo Sounding 21

3.1 Experiments and Happenstance 21

3.2 Developments in Cambridge and Antarctic Tests 26

3.3 Trials in Greenland 29

3.4 Field Activities Elsewhere 35

3.5 Radio-Echo Sounding Goes Airborne 36

4 Flight into the Unknown: Long-Range Antarctic Campaigns Commence 43

4.1 International Cooperation 44

4.2 Plans for Antarctic Season 1967 46

4.3 Antarctic Operations 51

4.4 Review of the Season 62

5 The Second Antarctic Season 1969-70: A Task for Hercules 63

5.1 Cambridge Preparations 65

5.2 The Team Assembles 66

5.3 Washington, DC 68

5.4 New Zealand Activities 70

5.5 Antarctic Sounding Commences 76

5.6 Personal Experiences 82

5.7 Western Marie Byrd Land and the Ross ice Shelf 87

5.8 Halley Bay-Visit to the Brits! 90

5.9 Inland Rank of the Transantarctic Mountains 98

5.10 To the Interior of East Antarctica and Vostok, the Coldest Place on Earth 99

5.11 The Filchner Ice Shelf 106

5.12 Meanwhile in the Antarctic Peninsula 107

5.13 The 1969-70 Season in Perspective 109

6 Review and New Plans 111

6.1 International Antarctic Glaciological Project 111

6.2 Aircraft 114

6.3 Navigation 115

6.4 Radio-Echo System-Collaboration with the Technical University of Denmark 117

6.5 Deconvolution and Migration 119

6.6 RES Recording 122

6.7 The Team 122

6.8 New Plans and Preparations 124

7 The Continental Survey Begins: A Land Emerges 125

7.1 To Washington and New Zealand 125

7.2 Antarctica-Delays and Frustration 127

7.3 The Science Begins-Eventually! 133

7.4 A Land Emerges 137

7.5 Mapping of East Antarctica 138

7.6 The Ice Sheet Surface 139

7.7 The Sub-Ice Morphology 144

7.8 Lakes beneath the Ice 146

7.9 Quo Vadis? 152

8 New Impetus 153

8.1 A Tripartite Agreement 154

8.2 Cambridge Activities 155

8.3 Devon Island-An Arctic Foray 156

8.4 The 'Keystone' of Gondwana 162

8.5 A New Aircraft and New Instrumentation 166

8.6 A Planning Dilemma 173

8.7 Remote Sensing in Glaciology 174

8.8 Preparations for the New Season 175

8.8.1 Dome C and East Antarctica 176

8.8.2 Marie Byrd Land 178

8.8.3 Ross Ice Shelf 179

8.8.4 Other Projects 182

9 1974-75: Radio-Echo Sounding Comes of Age 185

9.1 Initial Deployment 186

9.2 Operations Commence 190

9.3 Siple Coast-Domes and Ice Streams 194

9.4 'Lake' Vostok 196

9.5 Inland of Dry Valleys 203

9.6 Disaster at Dome C! 204

9.7 The Season Concludes 207

10 Data, Research, and Politics 210

10.1 Ice Streams of Marie Byrd Land 210

10.2 The Ross Ice Shelf Revisited 212

10.3 Some Geological Investigations 215

10.4 Politics Intervene 216

10.5 Research Accelerates 218

10.6 Automated Data Reduction 221

10.7 Royal Society Discusses Antarctic Science 222

11 Changing Planes 224

11.1 The NSF Sets Out Its Plans 224

11.2 IAGP, September 1976 227

11.3 Antarctica 1977-78-A Change of Planes 229

11.4 Christchurch, New Zealand-The Programme Hangs in the Balance 231

11.5 Antarctica at Last! 236

11.6 An 'Operational Day' 239

11.7 1977-78 Operations 248

11.8 Dry Valleys 251

11.9 Retrospective 253

12 The Final Season, 1978-79 256

12.1 Magnetic Moves 256

12.2 Dynamics of Large Ice Masses 259

12.3 The Final Season Advances 262

12.4 Taylor Glacier Project 279

13 The Axe Falls 286

13.1 A Telegram Arrives 286

13.1.1 Data, Access, and Political Myopia 288

13.2 NSF Magnetics Meeting 292

13.3 New Initiatives, New Opportunities 292

13.3.1 Satellite Studies of Polar Ice 293

13.3.2 Svalbard 293

13.3.3 Short-Pulse Radar 297

13.4 North American Engagements 300

14 The Antarctic Folio 304

14.1 Developing the Portfolio 306

14.2 Funding 309

14.3 Folio Gains Momentum 312

14.4 Scales and Map Projections 313

14.5 Coastline and Other Details 315

14.6 Place Names 318

14.7 Enter the Cartographers 321

14.8 The Maps Unfold 322

14.8.1 Ice Sheet Surface 322

14.8.2 Flowlines 326

14.8.3 Compiling Statistics, Writing Papers 328

14.8.4 Third international Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology 328

14.8.5 Bedrock Surface 330

14.8.6 Ice Thickness 331

14.8.7 Isostatic Bedrock 331

14.8.8 Magnetics Sheets 334

14.8.9 Internal Layering 336

15 The Last Push 342

15.1 The Folio Completed 342

15.2 The Folio Reviewed 348

16 The Aftermath 350

16.1 Svalbard 353

16.2 Satellite Altimeter Group 361

17 Reflections 364

17.1 Some New Brooms 365

17.2 The Surface Configuration of the Ice Sheet 367

17.3 The Subglacial Bedrock Landscape 370

17.4 Water beneath the Ice 375

17.5 Epilogue 378

Appendix 1 Display and Recording of RES Data 379

Appendix 2 SPRI Research Students in the Radio-Echo Sounding Programme 383

Abbreviations 385

Glossary 389

Index 397

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

“Telling the pivotal story of how scientists revealed what lay hidden beneath the Antarctic ice sheet, this unique and nicely paced book will be of broad interest.”—Michael Bentley, Durham University

“A wonderful tale of the pioneering science that brought about a paradigm shift in our understanding of the great Antarctic ice sheets. Enlivened by Drewry’s personal reflections and extracts from his field diary, The Land Beneath the Ice shares the excitement of first discoveries and brims with the energy, enthusiasm, and passion of early Antarctic science.”—Tavi Murray, Swansea University

“Drewry recounts an impressive and inspiring history of science, providing readers with a window into a thrilling time in which fundamental aspects of the Antarctic ice sheet and its behavior were seen for the first time. I really enjoyed reading this book.”—Michelle Koutnik, University of Washington

“This engaging book on a key period of Antarctic exploration, written by a lead scientist who truly lived through it, is a testimony to the remarkable individuals who gave us breakthrough insights that changed our knowledge of Antarctic ice forever. Filled with great photos, stories, and details of the historic surveys that mapped the Antarctic ice, this is a remarkable account and a timely and important book for future generations.”—Eric Rignot, University of California, Irvine

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