Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified, Second Edition / Edition 2

by Joyce Y. Johnson

Overview

The fast, fun, and easy way for nurses to get up to speed on fluids and electrolytes

Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified, Second Edition is a detailed, easy-to-understand overview of the essential concepts involved in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and imbalance. This reader-friendly book emphasizes the most critical information by discussing the underlying mechanisms involved in maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance by discussing the factors that fail and result in an imbalance.

To promote understanding, there is coverage of the developmental changes and major conditions that result in fluid, electrolyte, or acid-base imbalances. The nursing assessments, interventions, and evaluations are reviewed to provide a complete picture of the patient’s needs and nursing care situation.

Useful charts, Key Terms, Learning Objectives, Speed Bumps and brief Overviews are included to help you remember must-know concepts, and end of chapter NCLEX®-style quizzes test your knowledge – for the most effective learning experience possible.

Everything you need to gain a working knowledge of:

• Key Elements Underlying Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
• Key Elements Underlying Acid-Base Balance
• General Nursing Assessments in Diagnostic Tests Related to Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
• Fluid Volume Imbalance
• Sodium Imbalances
• Potassium Imbalances
• Calcium Imbalance
• Magnesium Imbalances
• Phosphorus Imbalances
• Acid-Base Imbalances

Simple enough for a beginner, but, challenging enough for advanced students, Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified is your best choice for gaining a solid grasp of one of the most challenging topics nurses need to master.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781260012248
Publisher:	McGraw Hill LLC
Publication date:	04/13/2018
Edition description:	2nd ed.
Pages:	256
Product dimensions:	7.30(w) x 8.90(h) x 0.70(d)

About the Author

Joyce Y. Johnson, PhD, RN is Dean and Professor of Nursing at Albany State University.

Table of Contents

Contributors xv

Acknowledgments xvii

Introduction xix

Part I Foundational Concepts and Assessments 1

Chapter 1 Key Elements Underlying Fluid and Electrolyte Balance 3

1 Overview 4

2 The Cell 5

3 Fluid 7

4 Electrolytes 11

Conclusion 16

Final Checkup 17

Chapter 2 Key Elements Underlying Acid-Base Balance 19

1 Overview 20

2 What Is pH? 20

3 Acids 21

4 Bases 22

5 Acid and Base Balance 22

6 Regulation 23

Conclusion 25

Final Checkup 26

Chapter 3 General Nursing Assessments and Diagnostic Tests Related to Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance 27

1 Overview 28

2 Laboratory Test Units of Measure 29

3 Laboratory Tests Indicating Fluid Imbalance 29

4 Nursing Assessments for Fluid Imbalance 31

5 Laboratory Tests Indicating Acid-Base Imbalance 31

6 Acid-Base Balance Assessment 36

7 Laboratory Tests Indicating Electrolyte Imbalance 40

8 Nursing Assessments for Electrolyte Imbalance 41

9 Potassium 41

10 Sodium 44

11 Chloride 46

12 Calcium 47

13 Magnesium 49

14 Phosphate 50

15 Blood Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine 51

Conclusion 52

Case Situation 52

Final Checkup 55

References 56

Web Sites 56

Part II Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances 57

Chapter 4 Fluid Volume Imbalances: Hypovolemia and Hypervolemia 59

1 Overview 60

2 Normal Intake and Output 61

3 Fluid Regulation 62

4 Fluid Circulation 62

5 Hypovolemia 63

6 Hypervolemia 70

Conclusion 73

Final Checkup 74

References 75

Chapter 5 Sodium Imbalances: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia 77

1 Overview 78

2 Sodium Regulation 79

3 Hypernatremia 82

4 Hyponatremia 85

Conclusion 91

Case Application 92

Final Checkup 93

References 94

Chapter 6 Potassium Imbalances: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia 95

1 Overview 96

2 Hyperkalemia 98

3 Hypokalemia 101

4 Case Application 103

Conclusion 105

Final Checkup 106

References 107

Chapter 7 Calcium Imbalances: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia 109

1 Overview 110

2 Hypocalcemia 110

3 Hypercalcemia 115

Conclusion 118

Final Checkup 118

References 120

Web Sites 120

Chapter 8 Magnesium Imbalances: Hypomagnesemia and Hypermagnesemia 121

1 Overview 122

2 Hypermagnesemia 123

3 Hypomagnesemia 126

Conclusion 128

Case Application 130

Final Checkup 131

References 132

Web Site 132

Chapter 9 Phosphorus Imbalances: Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphosphatemia 133

1 Overview 134

2 Hypophosphatemia 137

3 Hyperphosphatemia 140

Final Checkup 142

References 143

Web Sites 143

Chapter 10 Acid-Base Imbalances 145

1 Overview 146

2 Acidosis 146

3 Alkalosis 149

4 Impact of Acid-Base Imbalances/ Complications 151

Conclusion 152

Final Checkup 152

References 153

Part III Applications for Fluid and Electrolyte Concepts 155

Chapter 11 Multisystem Conditions Related to Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances 157

1 Overview 158

2 Age Extremes 159

3 Case Application 165

4 Renal Conditions 167

5 Case Application 171

6 Conditions With High Impact on Fluid Balance: Burn Injury and Pregnancy 173

7 Case Application 178

Conclusion 181

Final Checkup 182

References 183

Chapter 12 Conditions Resulting in Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances 185

1 Heart Failure 186

2 Endocrine Conditions: Diabetes Insipidus, Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome) 191

Conclusion 202

Case Application 203

Final Checkup 205

References 206

Web Site 206

Answers to Speed Bumps and Final Checkups 207

Index 211