How to Make a Noise: Frequency Modulation Synthesis

Frequency modulation synthesis is capable of creating a broad, detailed, highly nuanced range of tones which can be controlled with a fine level of detail.

The technique starts with a simple wave—usually a sine wave—which is then modulated by another wave. The interaction between the two (or more) waves creates and shapes the sound over time.

FM synthesis offers an infinite range of possibilities and permutations: it is this range of choices which gives the broad array of tonal nuances that...