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Brazil is one of the world's best-known examples of inequitable growth. Since 1964 its military government has used a trickle-down development strategy that relies on the private market and high profits for owners of capital and at the same time relies on holding down wages of the unskilled and neutralizing the power of labour unions. Although this strategy did result in an impressive amount of economic growth, it has been harshly criticized for its unfairness. The general consensus is that most of the benefits of growth went to the rich, precious few to the poor. This study, first published in 1982 challenges the majority view. It shows that the poor benefited far more from growth than the income distribution statistics seem to imply. Despite appearances, the economy was a highly dynamic one for all groups. Job creation more than kept pace with the growth of the labour force, and most of the jobs created were good ones, rather than make-work employment in the informal sector.
Part I. Growth, employment creation, and inequality in Brazil: 1. Introduction; 2. Production and employment trends in the post-war period; 3. Rising inequality since 1960; 4. The meaning and interpretation of rising inequality in a growing economy; 5. Evidence on absolute improvements and upward mobility; Part II. The effect of supply and demand on labour markets during rapid economic growth: 6. Migration and the modernization of the agricultural labour force; 7. The absorption of migrants into the urban economy; 8. Trends and theories of the wage differential during economic growth; 9. The market for skilled labour; 10. Agriculture, wage policy, and the wages of unskilled labour; 11. Additional perspectives on inequitable growth in Brazil; 12. Conclusions.
Overview
Brazil is one of the world's best-known examples of inequitable growth. Since 1964 its military government has used a trickle-down development strategy that relies on the private market and high profits for owners of capital and at the same time relies on holding down wages of the unskilled and neutralizing the power of labour unions. Although this strategy did result in an impressive amount of economic growth, it has been harshly criticized for its unfairness. The general consensus is that most of the benefits ...