Project-Based Second and Foreign Language Education: Past, Present, and Future

Dewey's idea of Project—based Learning (PBL) was introduced into the field of second language education nearly two decades ago as a way to reflect the principles of student—centered teaching (Hedge, 1993). Since then, PBL has also become a popular language and literacy activity at various levels and in various contexts (see Beckett, 1999; Fried—Booth, 2002; Levis & Levis, 2003; Kobayashi, 2003; Luongo— Orlando, 2001; Mohan & Beckett, 2003; Weinstein, 2004). For example, it has been applied ...