THE SECOND INVASION OF NORTH AMERICA ABOVE MEXICO, THE FIRST NINETY YEARS, Indigenous Americans' Successful Defense against Europeans, 1521 to 1610

For ninety years, from the first European invasion of North America above Mexico in 1521 until 1610, Spanish, French, and English would-be colonists repeatedly mounted incursions into eastern Canada and in the United States from Maine to Florida and across the south from North Carolina to California. By June 7, 1610, less than a thousand Europeans resided permanently in North America above Mexico. Native Americans, at a terrible cost in lives lost to European diseases, had successfully prev...