The Transformation of the European Civic Tradition since c. 1800

Transformation of the European Civic Tradition since c1800 explores what happens when centuries of urban tradition collide with the forces of modernity.

For generations, Europe's towns and cities evolved organically, their streets, buildings and public spaces reflecting the history, culture and lives of the people who inhabited them. Then came industrialisation and with it a revolution in the way cities were built, planned and experienced.

Over the next 150 years, war, economic upheaval and...