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Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781504312486 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Balboa Press AU |
| Publication date: | 02/27/2018 |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 92 |
| File size: | 660 KB |
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CHAPTER 1
DUST
THERE WERE CHURNING oceans of dust everywhere in space. The simplest of atoms, the hydrogen atoms, began to form everywhere. Hydrogen atoms are the simplest configuration possible, consisting of a proton surrounded by a single electron. This atom could form with minimum energy, as the negative charge balanced the positive charge and created an equilibrium. The first element in the periodic table, with the atomic number 1, was everywhere. To make the other elements with higher atomic numbers, the hydrogen nuclei had to be forced together. The rule that positive nuclei repel each other made it impossible to create the heavier elements with higher atomic numbers. To make the elements with higher atomic numbers, there needed to be rules and laws whereby the hydrogen nuclei could be squeezed together to form stable heavier elements. This process could only be carried out by nuclear fusion in the middle of a star.
In the oceans of dust, there was complete chaos and total randomness. Time, as we know it, did not exist.
Fields, rules, and laws came into existence to build the heavier elements in the centres of large stars, forcing them to expand and then collapse into extremely dense and rapidly rotating black holes. The black holes became the seeds for the formation of the galaxies.
Some of the fields created are the following:
• the gravitational field
• the electrical field
• the chemical field
• the temperature field
• the pressure field
• the magnetic field
All the fields have rules and laws that impose order on the matter within the field. The hydrogen atoms, with their single protons and single electrons, are squeezed in the centres of the vast dust clouds by gravity to create helium, the element with atomic number 2, resulting in a release of energy. Each sea of atoms is subjected to enormous pressure as the gravity field pulls matter in and the created energy pushes matter out. Eventually an equilibrium is reached and the large stars become stable.
However, to balance the inward pull of the gravity field, energy has to be expended in the conversion of hydrogen into helium. Then, as the hydrogen fuel is consumed, the stars have to fuse helium atoms to make carbon. When the helium fuel is consumed, the stars fuse carbon atoms to form oxygen. When the carbon fuel is consumed, the stars fuse oxygen atoms to form iron. Iron cannot be fused, and the stars run out of fuel when iron forms in their cores. While iron is forming, the stars heat up and expand, and after iron forms, they collapse. This collapse of a star results in a very small, dense, and rapidly rotating black hole that becomes the seed for the formation of a galaxy. The newly formed atoms are thrown into space, where they are quickly swept into orbit around the dense and rapidly rotating black hole. The sea of hydrogen atoms is transformed into a galaxy composed of clouds of gas and dust rotating around a black hole. From a sea of dust moving randomly with no sense of time, the rules and laws created dust and gas with heavy elements rotating rapidly around a very dense bit of matter. This rotation gives the sensation of time because stars live and die as they orbit the black hole within their galaxy.
The stars go through the process of birth, middle age, old age, and death in a process that takes billions of years. Throughout the galaxy, the dust has been converted not only into stars but also into tiny atoms that are distributed in space by the movement and death of the stars. Also, in living and dying within a galaxy, the star transforms the galaxy, creating exotic spiral arms and changing the galaxy's shape and form. This process makes each galaxy unique with its own identity.
The fields form new stars within the galaxy. The new stars have planets with an abundance of elements, and some of the planets have moons with an abundance of elements. Thus, within a typical galaxy, the fields produce smaller stars that fuse elements at a slower rate and live for billions of years. The energy from the stars falls on the planets and moons rotating about the stars, creating very varied environments with diverse temperatures and pressures.
The variability that has been built into the design is truly amazing. It appears simple but is extremely complex in the way rules and laws impose an underlying order and overall equilibrium. The initial dust clouds are very similar, with hydrogen forming easily in a sea of matter. Then, with the rules and laws, the dust is transformed into an ordered system of matter rotating about a black hole in a galaxy filled with energy, where stars go through a cycle of birth, middle age, old age, and death. The stars transform the galaxy, giving it a unique identity. The stars provide fields for their families of planets and moons, making each star unique and each planet and moon also unique.
With so many environments, the design provides the scope for the dust transforming into life.
Earth is a planet rotating and revolving around the sun in the unique solar system of the Milky Way Galaxy. We humans have been provided with brains, sensors, air intake and exhaust systems, blood-circulating systems, energy intake systems, and waste elimination systems, along with skills like building things, storing data, and communicating. If we are dust, as the Creator says, then is it amazing how the dust can become so complicated as to become us. In human beings, the dust has been transformed from a sea of hydrogen atoms into beings with consciousness that can see and understand the universe.
CHAPTER 2GALAXIES
LOOKING UP AT the night sky from Earth, we see the stars moving across the sky from east to west. However, telescopic observation informs us that what we are actually seeing is the Milky Way Galaxy with one hundred (100) billion stars spinning around a black hole at the centre. The central bulge of the Milky Way Galaxy is twenty thousand light years across and three thousand light years thick. The whole galaxy is one hundred thousand light years across and one thousand light years thick. The Milky Way Galaxy is a typical spiral galaxy, with the solar system containing the Earth located in one of the arms of the galaxy. It takes approximately two hundred and twenty (220) million years for the sun to make one circuit around the central Black Hole of the Milky Way Galaxy.
The galaxies appear to be regions where the fields, rules, and laws can act on the dust to transform the dust into stars, planets, and moons. The transformation of dust into a star results in the creation of a new field with rules and laws. The fusion of atoms in the core of the star results in a release of energy, which creates all manner of landscapes and climates on the planets and moons in the star system. This allows for all manner of chemical reactions and compounds to form. As a star like the sun may live for nine billion Earth years in a very stable state, it is possible for the chemicals produced to follow rules and laws that encourage the growth and development of highly organized life. If this is true, then galaxies are places where dust may be transformed into life over long periods of time.
The number of galaxies in the universe is estimated at five hundred (500) billion. Galaxies are known to interact with each other, pulling each other, changing shape, and sometimes even combining to produce new fields and stars. The galaxies do not appear to be intelligent; they merely appear to be following the rules and laws that are configured into the fields to transform the dust into all varieties of stars, planets, and moons.
Galaxies are places where stars live their long and perhaps interesting lives in fields, according to rules and laws. The stars are born within the galaxies in thick clouds of gas and dust known as nebulae. "Nebular" is the Latin word for "cloud."
A typical galaxy has one hundred (100) billion stars in various stages of their lives. Some stars are young, bright, and blue. Other stars are middle-aged and yellow, like the sun, while others have reached old age and emit less energetic red light.
The stars are extremely significant for the galaxy. The stars are objects that are alive and that produce energy that lifeforms in other galaxies can recognize with their senses. From early times, human beings realized that there were other objects outside of Earth because their cells had formed eyes capable of detecting the visible light emitted by the stars in the galaxies.
The fusion reactions occurring in the cores of stars form a variety of elements through the systematic conversion of hydrogen into heavier elements. The process fuses hydrogen into helium, helium into carbon, carbon into oxygen, and oxygen into iron, giving out large quantities of energy during all stages. The rules and laws do not allow this process to continue forever. Hence, the stars go through the process of birth, middle age, and death within the galaxy. In death, the elements formed within the star are released into the galaxy to enrich the dust clouds for the creation of future new stars, planets, and moons.
The energy from the star must fall on the planets surrounding the star, and this affects the surface features and atmospheres of the planets. Planets, in turn, can influence the surface features and atmospheres of their moons.
Objects with mass exert force on other objects with mass. This means that massive objects can crash into each other, forming objects with even greater mass. However, not all objects crash into each other. Some tend to revolve around each other, again based on rules and laws, resulting in a reasonably stable basic unit known as a solar system. Planets and moons that form around the central core have various characteristics and compositions based on their location in the star system and the elements available in the initial cloud. Obviously, as the process of energy turning to matter and then matter turning into energy continues, the dust clouds begin to contain all variety of elements, making the galaxy richer and granting it the ability to create more exotic planets and moons.
A star exists for billions of years because nuclear fusion allows the star to burn its fuel at a relatively slow rate and prevents gravity from pulling the star inward. Throughout middle age, the star maintains a constant size as equilibrium exists between gravity pulling it inward and nuclear fusion pushing it outward. In old age, the star becomes unstable, as nuclear fusion cannot be sustained. The star expands outward until gravity pulls it inward, making it a very dense piece of Dark Matter.
The fact that the star can remain stable for billions of years is very significant, because it allows for a variety of possibilities for the planets and moons in the star system. As we know, water-based life exists on Earth in a so-called Goldilocks Zone about the sun, where the temperature is just right — neither extremely hot nor extremely cold. However, what is interesting is that if the star produces less energy, the Goldilocks Zone may shift inward. Also, if the Star produces more energy, the Goldilocks Zone may shift outward. Nothing appears to stay the same forever — not even the Goldilocks Zone about a star. The ability to change its Goldilocks Zone allows other planets and moons about the star to have favourable temperatures. This means that areas around a star that are not favourable for life may become favourable at a different point in time, allowing new resources about the star to become capable of supporting life. However, as observed with our solar system, changes in the Goldilocks Zone about a star occur very slowly, making it very difficult for lifeforms living for one hundred years to detect or panic about them.
Galaxies contain billions of stars. Each star produces an abundance of elements in its core and then distributes these elements in Space for other future stars. When combined with the relatively long lifetime of the star and the fact that the energy distribution allows for the creation of Goldilocks Zones, this allows a variety of possibilities, including life, for the planets and moons that revolve about the star. As each galaxy contains billions of stars, there are many possibilities for interesting chemistry within each galaxy.
The nature of the elements formed in the star, and the ability of the elements to form all manner of complex molecules and compounds on planets and moons, is again controlled by very definite rules and laws.
The massive stars that exhaust their fuel and expand before collapsing into relatively dense dark matter have extremely high rotation and extreme magnetic energy, which causes matter to swirl around them. All Stars and dark matter emit energy in the form of electromagnetic waves at varying frequencies. The wavelengths, or the distance between any two peaks of the wave, fall into the following ranges:
• radio waves: from 104 to 10-2 metres
• microwaves: from 10-2 to 10-4 metres
• Infrared waves: from 10-4 to 10-6 metres
• visible waves (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet): from 10-6 to 10-7 metres
• ultraviolet waves from 10-7 to 10-8 metres
• X-rays from 10-8 to 10-14 metres
• cosmic ray waves from 10-14 to 10-16 metres
These waves give an indication of the energy released, and spectroscopic studies can indicate the elements present in the various stars of a galaxy. Both stars and dark matter release energy and radiation in accordance with very definite rules and laws.
All the above complexity of dust being transformed into matter and energy makes each galaxy unique, with a characteristic appearance, size, and shape. Astronomers have identified four types of galaxies — namely spiral, elliptical, irregular, and barred.
Spiral Galaxies are easy to identify by their sweeping arms, which contain gas and dust and make new stars. An important subclass of the Spiral Galaxies are the Barred Spirals. The Barred Spirals have roughly oblong-shaped centres and may have undergone collisions with other small galaxies.
Elliptical Galaxies comprise mostly older stars contain little gas to make new stars. A subclass of the Elliptical Galaxies are the Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies. These galaxies are numerous; however, they are difficult to see, as they contain dim stars. Astronomers think that these ball- or oval-shaped galaxies may have formed early in the history of the universe.
Irregular Galaxies are small and shapeless. Many Irregular Galaxies are still actively making stars. The small Magellanic Cloud is an Irregular Galaxy that is being distorted by the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way Galaxy.
CHAPTER 3STARS
MOST STARS ARE born in vast dust clouds located in the galaxies. Generally, the same dust cloud that forms the star gives rise to planets, moons, asteroids, comets, meteorites, and others debris all revolving in the new Field created by the new star. The star and its family of matter form a Solar System that is very dynamic, with matter colliding and increasing the mass of the relatively stable planets and moons. In time, meteor bombardment and collisions grow less frequent, until after long periods of time (billions of earth years) one sees a relatively stable star with stable planets and moons, with occasional meteor impacts roughly every one hundred Earth years. The Star System is like a basic unit for the galaxy. Typically, one hundred (100) billion star systems make up a typical galaxy. The star revolves around the centre of galaxy with its family of planets, moons, and associated matter. Stars go through cycles of birth, middle age, old age and death. In old age and death, stars produce the heavy elements that are distributed into the galaxy and are essential for the creation of new stars with planets and moons, where the elements may be able to form conscious lifeforms.
Most of the mass of the initial dust cloud, perhaps 99.9% of it, forms the star. The remaining 0.1% of the mass forms the planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other debris. The star is significant for producing energy, the elements and the Field. However, the planets and moons are significant for forming the climates that can support lifeforms and consciousness.
Stars within a galaxy form in a similar manner to the Black Hole that formed in the centre of the galaxy. However the new stars are far less massive and have smaller Fields to support their family of planets, moons, comets, meteorites, and debris revolving around them.
(Continues…)
Excerpted from "A Journey from Dust to Consciousness"
by .
Copyright © 2018 Vincent J. Hyde.
Excerpted by permission of Balboa Press.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Table of Contents
Introduction, xvii,
Chapter 1 Dust, 1,
Chapter 2 Galaxies, 4,
Chapter 3 Stars, 9,
Chapter 4 Energy and the Elements, 16,
Chapter 5 Life, 27,
Chapter 6 Consciousness, 41,
Chapter 7 Energy Utilization, 53,