Castle to Fortress: Medieval to Post-Modern Fortifications in the Lands of the Former Roman Empire

The authors of Castrum to Castle trace the "evolution of defensive architecture at the turn of the late Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance." —Old Barbed Wire Blog

Across western Europe, the long tradition of castle-building took on its most sophisticated form in the later Medieval period and then, in response to the development of gunpowder weapons, it underwent a fundamental change—from castle to fortress. This, the second volume of a highly illustrated new study of medieva...