Comparative Advantage in International Trade: Theory and Evidence

Traditional trade theory explains trade only by differences between countries, notably differences in their relative endowments of factors of production. It suggests an inverse relationship between the similarity of countries and the volume of trade between them. The Heckscher-Ohlin (HO) factor propor­ tions theory derives the determinants of comparative advantage in a world of "two-ness" (two goods, two factors, two countries). It predicts that each country will export that good which uses...