Complex Effects of International Relations: Intended and Unintended Consequences of Human Actions in Middle East Conflicts

Identifies the many ways in which unexpected outcomes are endemic to international relations due to the complexity of world politics.

In this comprehensive and unique theory-practice study, Ofer Israeli examines complex effects of international relations relating to various indirect-intended and unintended-consequences of intentional human action. These effects may be desirable or undesirable, overt or covert, anticipated or surprising, foreseeable but unanticipated, and anticipated but simu...