Dakota Philosopher: Charles Eastman and American Indian Thought

Charles Eastman straddled two worlds in his life and writing. The author of Indian Boyhood was raised in the traditional way after the 1862 U.S.-Dakota War. His father later persuaded him to study Christianity and attend medical school. But when Eastman served as a government doctor during the Wounded Knee massacre, he became disillusioned about Americans' capacity to live up to their own ideals.

While Eastman's contemporaries viewed him as "a great American and a true philosopher," Indian ...