Development and Applications of Negative Ion Sources

This book describes the development of sources of negative ions and their application in science and industry. It describes the physical foundations and implementation of the key methods of negative ion production and control, such as charge exchange, thermionic emission, plasma volume, secondary emission (sputtering) and surface—plasma sources, as well as the history of their development. Following on from this essential foundational material, the book goes on to explore transport of negat...