Table of Contents
Chapter 1. The Electrocardiogram 1
Electrocardiograph Paper 2
Conduction System of the Heart 2
Parts of the Electrocardiogram 3
Electrocardiographic Interpretation 13
Chapter 1 Quiz 15
Chapter 2. Leads and the Normal Electrocardiogram 17
Leads 17
Normal Electrocardiogram 26
Chapter 2 Quiz 29
Chapter 3. Heart Rate and Axis 31
Heart Rate 31
Axis 32
Chapter 3 Quiz 41
Chapter 4. Atrial Enlargement, Ventricular Hypertrophy, and
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 44
Atrial Enlargement 44
Ventricular Hypertrophy 47
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 53
Chapter 4 Quiz 55
Chapter 5. Intraventricular Conduction Defects 57
Bundle Branch Blocks 57
Incomplete Bundle Branch Block 61
Hemiblocks 61
Bifascicular and Trifascicular Blocks 62
Nonspecific Intraventricular Conduction Defects 62
Chapter 5 Quiz 63
Chapter 6. Coronary Artery Disease 66
Stable Angina 66
Prinzmetal’s Angina 68
Unstable Angina 69
Myocardial Infarction 70
Old STEMI 79
Left Ventricular Aneurysm 80
Silent Myocardial Infarction 81
STEMI and Bundle Branch Blocks 81
Pseudoinfarction Syndromes 82
Athletic Heart Syndrome 83
Chapter 6 Quiz 85
Chapter 7. Rhythm Disturbances 89
Sinus Rhythms 90
Non-sinus Atrial Arrhythmias 92
Junctional Rhythms 96
Atrioventricular Heart Block 98
Ventricular Rhythm Disturbances 100
Bigeminy 107
Electrical Alternans 108
Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardia 108
Chapter 7 Quiz 110
Chapter 8. Preexcitation Syndromes, Pulmonary Embolus,
Pericarditis, Early Repolarization, and Myocarditis 116
Preexcitation Syndromes 116
Pulmonary Embolus 121
Pericarditis 122
Early Repolarization 124
Myocarditis 126
Chapter 8 Quiz 127
Chapter 9. Hypothermia, Low Voltage ECG, Neurological Insult,
Dextrocardia, Pacemakers, Takotsumo Cardiomyopathy,
Brugada Syndrome, and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular
Dysplasia 130
Hypothermia 130
Low Voltage ECG 132
Neurological Insult 133
Dextrocardia 133
Pacemakers 134
Takotsumo Cardiomyopathy 135
Brugada Syndrome 136
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia 137
Chapter 9 Quiz 138
Chapter 10. Drug Effects, Electrolyte Effects, ECG Worksheet,
and Practice Electrocardiogram 141
Drug Effects 141
Electrolyte Effects 144
ECG Worksheet 146
Practice Electrocardiogram 147
Chapter 10 Quiz 148
Chapter 11. Pediatric Electrocardiography 152
Normal Pediatric ECG 151
Abnormal Pediatric ECG 155
Chapter 11 Quiz 163
Appendix A. ECG Findings for Specific Congenital Heart
Defects 165
Appendix B. Practice ECGs 167
Appendix C. Answers to Chapter Questions and Practice
ECGs 171
References 177
Index 181
