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Overview
Essential French Verbs is the course for you if you need help with your study of French. This fully revised edition of our best-selling course now comes with free downloadable audio support containing hints on how to learn verbs effectively.
The aim of this book is to help you improve your command of French by focusing on one aspect of language learning that invariably causes difficulties - verbs and the way they behave.
Whether you are a complete beginner or a relatively advanced learner, you can consult the book when you need to know the form of a verb quickly.
The introductory section gives you a complete overview of French verbs and how they work in the various tenses.
Essential French Verbs contains:
- full coverage of the main tenses for 200 frequently used French verbs arranged alphabetically for quick and easy reference
- examples of the verbs in everyday use, with colloquial expressions and words sharing the same origin
- a French-English verb list of approximately 3000 verbs with details of the patterns they follow
- an English-French verb list giving the most frequently used English verbs in French with details of the patterns they follow
- free downloadable audio support with hints on how to learn verbs
Learn effortlessly with a new, easy-to-read page design and interactive features:
NOT GOT MUCH TIME?
One, five and ten-minute introductions to key principles to get you started.
AUTHOR INSIGHTS
Lots of instant help with common problems and quick tips for success, based on the author's many years of experience.
USEFUL VOCABULARY
Easy to find and learn, to build a solid foundation for speaking.
ONLINE TESTS
Tests to help you keep track of your progress.
EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Extra online articles at: www.teachyourself.com to give you a richer understanding of the culture and history of France.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781444130829 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | John Murray Press |
| Publication date: | 05/28/2010 |
| Sold by: | Hachette Digital, Inc. |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 352 |
| File size: | 694 KB |
About the Author
Table of Contents
PrefaceList of contributors
Glossary
Chapter 1 - An introduction to cavity ring-down spectroscopy
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Direct absorption spectroscopy
1.3 Basic cavity ring down spectroscopy setup
1.4 A more refined picture
1.5 Fitting of cavity ring down transients
1.6 A few examples
1.7 Going beyond the standard pulsed CRDS experiment
1.8 Summary
1.9 References
Chapter 2 - Cavity enhanced techniques using continuous wave lasers
2.1 Introduction
2.1 Properties of optical cavities and cw lasers relevant to cavity enhanced spectroscopy
2.3 Experimental methods for cw laser cavity enhanced spectroscopy
2.4 Spectroscopy with resonant cavities
2.5 Summary
Chapter 3 - Broadband cavity ring-down spectroscopy
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 The time and wavelength evolution of a single ringdown event.
3.3 Two dimensional techniques: resolving broadband cavity output in time and wavelength.
3.4 One dimensional techniques: time or wavelength.
3.5 How to extract quantitative information from broadband spectra.
3.6 Optimising the sensitivity of a broadband measurement.
3.7 Applications of broadband cavity methods.
3.8 References.
Chapter 4 - Cavity ring-down spectroscopy in analytical chemistry
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Condensed media CRDS
4.3 Evanescent-wave CRDS
4.4 Future trends and perspectives
Chapter 5 - Cavity ring-down spectroscopy using waveguides
5.1. Introduction
5.2. The basic experiments
5.3. Optics and Instrumentation
5.4. Review of waveguide CRD literature
5.5. Conclusion and outlook
5.6. Acknowledgements
Chapter 6 - Cavity ring down spectroscopy of molecular transients of astrophysical interest
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Experimental
6.3. Astronomical considerations
6.4. Results
6.5. Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7 - Applications of cavity ring-down spectroscopy in atmospheric chemistry
7.1. Brief overview
7.2. Measurement of trace atmospheric species by CRDS
7.3. Laboratory based studies of atmospheric interest
7.4. Optical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles
7.5. Future developments
Chapter 8 - Cavity ring-down spectroscopy for medical applications
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Trace gases in medicine and biology
8.3. Instrumentation for laser analytics of breath and other biological gas samples
8.4. Applications to life sciences
8.5. Conclusion and Perspectives
8.6. References
Chapter 9: Studies into the growth mechanism of a-Si:H using in situ cavity ring-down techniques
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Gas phase CRDS on SiHx radicals
9.3. Thin film CRDS on dangling bonds in a-Si:H films (ex situ)
9.4. Evanescent wave CRDS on dangling bonds during a-Si:H film growth
Chapter 10 – Cavity ring down spectroscopy for combustion studies
10.1. Introduction
10.2. General description of cavity ring down spectroscopy in flames
10.3. Experimental set-up
10.4. Quantitative concentration measurements in flames
10.5. Concentration profile determination
10.6. Specific difficulties in combustion studies
10.7. Case of particles: soot volume fraction determination
10.8. Conclusion and prospective
References
Appendix A Literature