EU Informal Debt-Collection Regulation: Failure by Design?

Informal debt collection practices are rampant across many EU Member States while consumer debt levels and defaults are escalating at an alarming rate, fuelled by the lingering aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing war in Ukraine, and high inflation. While the EU has introduced some limited protections, systemic flaws, industry lobbying, and fragmented laws continue to enable abusive tactics that violate debtor rights and social norms. Grounded in extens...