Hard Choices: Financial Exclusion, Fringe Banks and Poverty in Urban Canada
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When low-income city dwellers lack access to mainstream banking services, many end up turning to ‘fringe banks,’ such as cheque-cashers and pawnshops, for some or all of their financial transactions. This predicament of ‘financial exclusion’ – faced by those underserved by conventional financial institutions – is comprehensively examined in Jerry Buckland's powerful study, Hard Choices.
The first account of the nature and causes of financial exclusion in Canada, Hard Choices thoroughly integ...























