Machine Learning

This book is a research-oriented roadmap through modern ML, structured via three lenses: Research Perspectives, Recent Advances, and Future Directions. Part I establishes rigorous methodologies, data-centric AI (active learning, weak supervision, bias mitigation), and critical evaluation beyond single metrics. Part II surveys neural architectures (Transformers to State-Space models), optimization (SAM, double descent), generative modeling (diffusion unification), geometric deep learning, an...