No Pyrrhic Victories: The 1918 Raids on Zeebrugge and Ostend - a Radical Reappraisal

In early 1918, it seemed to many that the British people and the Allies were close to defeat. At home, the chief culprit was the German U-boat. Sailing almost unopposed from the North Sea ports of Zeebrugge and Ostend, the submarines were taking a heavy toll on Allied shipping, and no one seemed to be doing anything about it. The job eventually went to Vice Admiral Roger Keyes, 'The Modern Nelson', who had a long record of close action with enemies from China to the Heligoland Bight. Equall...