Numerical solutions

This book develops a mathematical and computational framework for studying diabetic atherosclerosis through ordinary and fractional-order reaction-diffusion equations. It models the spatial and temporal interactions among glucose, insulin, beta cells, LDL, HDL, reactive oxygen species, macrophages, foam cells, lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, and cellular damage. Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio derivatives are used to represent memory effects and anomalous diffusion in biological processes, w...