Physiological Systems in Insects

by Marc J. Klowden

Overview

The second edition of Physiological Systems in Insects reviews the physiological mechanisms that have contributed to the enormous ecological success of insects and their profound importance in human health and agriculture. Because many of these insect systems are similar, if not identical, to those found in vertebrates, insect models have been increasingly used to illustrate and investigate essential biological principles. Expanded references, abundant figures, and the discussion of recent scientific studies provide readers with the basis for a comprehensive understanding of how insect systems work and the feasibility and rationale for using these as model systems in studies of animal physiology and behavior. Key Features: Complete update of a widely-used text for students in entomology and zoology, Reviews recent research that employs molecular techniques to uncover physiological mechanisms, Includes a glossary of physiological terms, New expanded sections on endocrine, developmental, and immune systems, Provides abundant figures derived from scientific reports.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780124159709
Publisher:	Elsevier Science & Technology Books
Publication date:	05/15/2013
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	696
File size:	10 MB

About the Author

Marc Klowden is a Professor Emeritus of Entomology in the Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences at the University of Idaho. He has been with the university as a professor since 1988. He received his Ph.D. in Biological and Experimental Pathology from the University of Illinois Chicago. Dr. Klowden has authored all editions to-date of Physiological Systems in Insects, published by Elsevier, and has contributed to nearly 100 journal publications. His areas of expertise include entomology, insect physiology, mosquito behavior and reproduction. Dr. Klowden currently serves as the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Vector Ecology.

Table of Contents

Preface     ix
Endocrine Systems     1
Types of Hormone Release Sites in Insects     2
Early Experiments That Set the Stage for our Current Understanding     4
Types of Hormones in Insects     7
Prothoraciciotropic Hormone     13
Ecdysteroids     18
The Juvenile Hormones     32
Other Neuropeptides Found in Insects     47
Vertebrate-type Hormones in Insects     48
References     49
Integumentary Systems     75
Insect Growth and Development     77
Strategies For Growth     77
Origins of Holometaboly     80
Instars, Stadia, and Hidden Phases     81
Structure of the Integument     83
Modified Features of the Integument     88
Chemistry of the Cuticle     90
The Molting Process     102
Endocrine Control of Molting     105
Endocrine Control of Growth     106
Endocrine Control of Metamorphosis     109
Metamorphosis and the Radically Changing Cuticle     113
References     121
Developmental Systems     137
Insect Eggs     137
Embryonic Development     147
References     164
Reproductive Systems     181
Female Reproductive Systems     182
Vitellogenesis     191
Endocrinology of Female Reproduction     195
Ovulation, Fertilization, and Oviposition     200
Male Reproductive Systems     203
Unconventional Methods of Insect Reproduction     214
Mating Systems     220
References     223
Behavioral Systems     239
Ways of Looking at Behavior     240
Genetic Basis of Insect Behavior     241
Physiology of Learning and Memory     245
Hormonal Regulation of Behavior     250
Physiology of Circadian Rhythms     253
Insect Sleep and Arousal Patterns     257
Physiology of Synchronous Behavior     257
Physiology of Polyphenisms     258
Physiology of Temporal Polyphenisms     261
Physiology of Behaviors Accompanying Metamorphosis     262
Physiology of Ecolosion Behaviors     265
Physiology of Reproductive Behaviors     269
Physiology of Behavioral Modulation By Parasites     271
References     272
Metabolic Systems      293
The Insect Alimentary Canal     294
Basic Gut Structure     296
Metabolic Processes in Insects     313
Diapause as a Metabolic Process     335
References     338
Circulatory Systems     357
Structure of the Insect Circulatory System     358
Immune Mechanisms in Insects     372
The Circulatory System and Temperature Variations     383
References     388
Excretory Systems     403
Major Excretory Products in Insects     404
Malpighian Tubules     409
Mechanisms of Malpighian Tubule Secretion     413
Hindgut and Rectum     415
Cryptonephridial System     416
Filter Chamber     418
Hormonal Control of Excretion and Osmoregulation     419
Storage Excretion     422
Other Functions of the Malpighian Tubules     423
References     423
Respiratory Systems     433
Bringing Oxygen to Insect Cells     433
The Tracheal System     437
Modifications That Increase Oxygen Uptake     445
Nonrespiratory Functions of Tracheal Systems     447
Discontinuous Gas Exchange      447
Aquatic Respiration     449
References     455
Locomotor Systems     463
Basic Structure of Insect Muscles     464
Types of Insect Muscles     474
Evolution of Insect Wings     485
Muscles Involved in Wing Movements     491
Flight Muscle Metabolism     500
Terrestrial Locomotion     505
References     512
Nervous Systems     523
Basic Components of the Nervous System     524
Evolution and Structure of the Nervous System     533
The Visceral Nervous System     537
Sensing the Environment     538
Visual Receptors     560
Visual Pigments     573
Magnetic Sensitivity     578
References     579
Communication Systems     597
Visual Communication     598
Acoustical Communication     603
Tactile Communication     611
Chemical Communication     612
Pheromones     613
Releaser Pheromones     616
Pheromone Synthesis and Release     619
Allelochemicals     622
Primer Pheromones     627
The Multicomponent Nature of Bee Communication     628
References     630
Glossary     643
Index     661

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

Provides the most comprehensive analysis of the systems that make insects important contributors to our environment

Editorial Reviews

"This book has grown considerably since its inception in 2002, when it was just over 400 pages in length, due to the addition of new material to all chapters and major revisions to those dealing with rapidly evolving areas such as endocrinology, development, behavior and neurobiology…Klowden has written a very good book, incorporating new findings with long-established principles in the field of insect physiology." —Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada, December 2013

"This textbook from Klowden covers insect physiology with both fidelity to the original sites of discovery - often Drosophila - and notes on generalizability to other phyla…Figures are employed to elucidate the anatomical locations and chemistry of the processes discussed." —Reference & Research Book News, October 2013

From the Publisher