Proportionality and Facts in Constitutional Adjudication

This book considers the relationship between proportionality and facts in constitutional adjudication. Analysing where facts arise within each of the three stages of the structured proportionality test – suitability, necessity, and balancing – it considers the nature of these 'facts' vis-à-vis the facts that arise in the course of ordinary litigation.

The book's central focus is on how proportionality has been applied by courts in practice, and it draws on the comparative experience of four...