Spatial Modelling in Forest Ecology and Management: A Case Study

At the end of the 1970s, when signs of destabilization of forests became visible in Eu­ rope on a large scale, it soon became obvious that the syndrome called "forest de­ cline" was caused by a network of interrelated factors of abiotic and biotic origin. All attempts to explain the wide-spread syndrome by a single cause, and there were many of them, failed or can only be regarded as a single mosaic stone in the network of caus­ es behind the phenomenon. Forest ecosystems are highly complex...