Technology Choices: Why Occupations Differ in Their Embrace of New Technology

by Diane E. Bailey, Paul M. Leonardi

Overview

An analysis of the occupational factors that shape the technology choices made by people who perform the same type of work.

Why do people who perform largely the same type of work make different technology choices in the workplace? An automotive design engineer working in India, for example, finds advanced information and communication technologies essential, allowing him to work with far-flung colleagues; a structural engineer in California relies more on paper-based technologies for her everyday work; and a software engineer in Silicon Valley operates on multiple digital levels simultaneously all day, continuing after hours on a company-supplied home computer and network connection. In Technology Choices, Diane Bailey and Paul Leonardi argue that occupational factors—rather than personal preference or purely technological concerns—strongly shape workers' technology choices.

Drawing on extensive field work—a decade's worth of observations and interviews in seven engineering firms in eight countries—Bailey and Leonardi challenge the traditional views of technology choices: technological determinism and social constructivism. Their innovative occupational perspective allows them to explore how external forces shape ideas, beliefs, and norms in ways that steer individuals to particular technology choices—albeit in somewhat predictable and generalizable ways. They examine three relationships at the heart of technology choices: human to technology, technology to technology, and human to human. An occupational perspective, they argue, helps us not only to understand past technology choices, but also to predict future ones.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780262323697
Publisher:	MIT Press
Publication date:	01/30/2015
Series:	Acting with Technology
Sold by:	Penguin Random House Publisher Services
Format:	eBook
Pages:	288
File size:	2 MB
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Diane E. Bailey is Associate Professor in the School of Information at the University of Texas at Austin.

Paul M. Leonardi is the Duca Family Professor of Technology Management at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is the author of Car Crashes without Cars (MIT Press).

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments vii

Introduction: Three Product Designers at Work 1

1 Explaining Technology Choices in the Workplace: Proposing an Occupational Perspective 19

2 Automobiles, Buildings, and Chips: Product Design Work across Three Occupations 43

3 What Product Designers Let Technology Do 69

4 To Automate or Not? 103

5 People amid the Technology: Locating Engineering Work 137

6 The Role of Occupational Factors in Shaping Technology Choices 169

7 An Occupational Perspective 195

Appendix: Research Design and Methods 217

Notes 239

Index 255

What People are Saying About This

Thomas A. Kochan

Chalk one up for people controlling technology rather than the reverse! Bailey and Leonardi's deep analysis shows that occupational norms shape how the same computer technologies can be used in different ways to design products and get work done productively. Let's hope their findings inspire other professionals and occupational gatekeepers to put technologies to work in service of economic, social, and environmental goals important to us all.

Endorsement

Chalk one up for people controlling technology rather than the reverse! Bailey and Leonardi's deep analysis shows that occupational norms shape how the same computer technologies can be used in different ways to design products and get work done productively. Let's hope their findings inspire other professionals and occupational gatekeepers to put technologies to work in service of economic, social, and environmental goals important to us all.

—Thomas A. Kochan, George M. Bunker Professor, MIT Sloan School of Management

From the Publisher

Making visible occupational differences within engineering is by itself a huge contribution. Bailey and Leonardi venture far further, developing with remarkable discipline, care, and insight an occupational theory of technology choice that applies to any domain of work. A must-read for anyone with a stake in how new technologies affect the workplace!

—Gary Downey, Alumni Distinguished Professor of Science and Technology Studies, Virginia Tech; President, Society for Social Studies of Science (4S); author of The Machine in Me and coauthor of Engineers for Korea, among other books

Bailey and Leonardi provide a detailed scholarly exploration of the forces that shape engineers' interactions with technology in different occupational fields. Their occupational perspective neatly resolves longstanding debates about technical versus social determinants of work practices. Grounded in years of rigorous qualitative field research, Technology Choices is required reading for academics interested in technology, work, product development, and innovation

—Amy C. Edmondson, Novartis Professor of Leadership and Management, Harvard Business School; author of Teaming: How Organizations Learn, Innovate, and Compete in the Knowledge Economy

In a compelling ethnography, Bailey and Leonardi take us into the daily working lives of design engineers in India and the U.S. and show us why differences in institutions and occupations make some jobs offshorable and others not. They open the black box of global software engineering, making a seemingly geeky world transparent and accessible. A must-read for students of the sociology of work, organizations, technology, and management.

—Rosemary Batt, Alice Hanson Cook Professor, ILR School, Cornell University

Chalk one up for people controlling technology rather than the reverse! Bailey and Leonardi's deep analysis shows that occupational norms shape how the same computer technologies can be used in different ways to design products and get work done productively. Let's hope their findings inspire other professionals and occupational gatekeepers to put technologies to work in service of economic, social, and environmental goals important to us all.

—Thomas A. Kochan, George M. Bunker Professor, MIT Sloan School of Management

Gary Downey

Making visible occupational differences within engineering is by itself a huge contribution. Bailey and Leonardi venture far further, developing with remarkable discipline, care, and insight an occupational theory of technology choice that applies to any domain of work. A must-read for anyone with a stake in how new technologies affect the workplace!

Amy C. Edmondson

Bailey and Leonardi provide a detailed scholarly exploration of the forces that shape engineers' interactions with technology in different occupational fields. Their occupational perspective neatly resolves longstanding debates about technical versus social determinants of work practices. Grounded in years of rigorous qualitative field research, Technology Choices is required reading for academics interested in technology, work, product development, and innovation

Rosemary Batt

In a compelling ethnography, Bailey and Leonardi take us into the daily working lives of design engineers in India and the U.S. and show us why differences in institutions and occupations make some jobs offshorable and others not. They open the black box of global software engineering, making a seemingly geeky world transparent and accessible. A must-read for students of the sociology of work, organizations, technology, and management.

Editorial Reviews

[T]his book will reward dedicated readers with novel insights that can apply to wider questions of work and computer technology.—Choice—

Technology Choices is essential reading for a wide range of scholars and practitioners.... [T]his book is indispensable reading for those interested in how occupations make decisions about the technologies they will use.

—Administrative Science Quarterly—

[T]his book is indispensable reading for those interested in how occupations make decisions about the technologies they will use.

—Administrative Science Quarterly—

From the Publisher

[T]his book is indispensable reading for those interested in how occupations make decisions about the technologies they will use.

—Administrative Science Quarterly

Reviews

[T]his book is indispensable reading for those interested in how occupations make decisions about the technologies they will use.

Administrative Science Quarterly

[T]his book will reward dedicated readers with novel insights that can apply to wider questions of work and computer technology.

Choice