The 14th Amendment and the Incorporation Doctrine

Americans often describe their rights in terms of numbers derived from amendments in the federal Bill of Rights, an unambiguous set of limitations on government. Despite this tendency, most do not realize that such amendments were never designed to inhibit local authorities. Nevertheless, during the Progressive Era the federal courts began to claim that the 14th Amendment had "incorporated" federal Bill of Rights restrictions against the state governments. Ever since, this outlook has provi...