The Project-State and Its Rivals: A New History of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

We thought we knew the story of the twentieth century. For many in the West, after the two world conflicts and the long cold war, the verdict was clear: democratic values had prevailed over dictatorship. But if the twentieth century meant the triumph of liberalism, as many intellectuals proclaimed, why have the era's darker impulses-ethnic nationalism, racist violence, and populist authoritarianism-revived?



The Project-State and Its Rivals offers a radical alternative interpretation that tak...