The Sentinel State: Surveillance and the Survival of Dictatorship in China

China watchers long argued that economic liberalization and prosperity would be harbingers of democracy. Instead, the Communist Party's grip has strengthened. How? The answer lies in the effectiveness of the surveillance state. And the source of that effectiveness is not just facial recognition AI and phone tracking. Technology is important, but what matters more is China's vast army of domestic spies.

Central government surveillance data is confidential, so Minxin Pei turned to local report...