The United States' Defend Forward Cyber Strategy: A Comprehensive Legal Assessment

In the 2010s, America's adversaries conducted numerous damaging cyber operations inside the United States: the Office of Personnel Management breach, attacks on banks, persistent intellectual property theft by China, and the Russian intervention in the 2016 election. The US—possessor of the world's most powerful cyber arsenal—responded in 2018 by unveiling a new Defend Forward strategy. It is a large step in the direction of more aggressive action in cyberspace—albeit for defensive ends. Th...