Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722

As many as 40 different Shìi groups existed in the 9th and 10th centuries yet only 3 forms have survived. Why is Twelver Shìism one of them
As the established faith in modern Iran, the majority faith in Iraq and areas in the Gulf and with its adherents forming sizeable minorities elsewhere in the region, Twelver Shi'ism is arguably the most successful branch of Shi'ism. Andrew J. Newman chronicles the progression of Twelver Shiism, exploring the numerous external challenges and internal disa...