Wrestling with Paul: The Apostle, His Readers, and the Fate of the Jews

In this book, Sarah Emanuel, a Jewish scholar of the New Testament, argues that Paul was not a universalist. Instead, Emanuel shows that, stemming from his Hellenistic Jewish worldview, Paul understood Jews as needing to maintain the law in Christ and gentiles as needing to abstain from the law in Christ. Both groups, in other words, needed to maintain particular ethnic difference in their Christ-following orientations lest they be "left behind" from Paul's imagined end of days.

Emanuel also...