The Proof of the External World: Cartesian Theism and the Possibility of Knowledge

"Descartes' attempt to ground the possibility of human knowledge in the existence of God was judged to be a complete failure by his contemporaries, and this remains the universal opinion of philosophers to this day, despite the fact that three and a half centuries of secular epistemology—which attempts to ground the possibility of knowledge either in the unaided human intellect or in natural processes—has failed to do any better. Further, the leading twentieth-century attempts at theistic e...