| Series Editor's Foreword | ix |
| Abbreviations | xi |
| Explanation of Signs | xiii |
| Chronological Table | xiv |
| Maps | xvi |
| Acknowledgments | xix |
| Introduction | 1 |
| Translations | 15 |
| I. | Aramaic Diplomatic-Military Correspondence | 17 |
| 1. | Ashur Ostracon (Report of an Assyrian Officer) | 20 |
| 2. | Adon Papyrus (Appeal to Pharaoh for Military Aid) | 23 |
| II. | Business and Family Letters | 25 |
| 3. | Hermopolis 1 | 29 |
| 4. | Hermopolis 3 | 30 |
| 5. | Hermopolis 4 | 31 |
| 6. | Hermopolis 2 | 32 |
| 7. | Hermopolis 6 | 34 |
| 8. | Hermopolis 5 | 35 |
| 9. | Hermopolis 7 | 36 |
| 10. | Padua 1 (To a Son on a Journey) | 36 |
| 11. | Padua 2 (A Son to His Mother) | 38 |
| 11a. | Berlin Papyrus 23000 (Grain Shipments) | 39 |
| III. | Ostraca from Elephantine | 41 |
| 12. | Berlin, St. Mus. 1137 (A Dream and Family Matters) | 42 |
| 13. | O. Cairo 35468a (Money for a Religious Society) | 43 |
| 14. | O. Clermont-Ganneau 44 (A Report of Imprisonment) | 44 |
| 15. | Berlin, St. Mus. 11383 (Sheepshearing) | 44 |
| 16. | Berlin, St. Mus. 11383 (Bread and Flour) | 45 |
| 17. | Cambridge 131-133 (Sheep Marketing) | 46 |
| 18. | Bodleian Aram. Inscr. 1 [Lost] (Money and Slaves) | 47 |
| 19. | Bodleian Aram. Inscr. 7 (Family Messages: Passover) | 48 |
| 20. | O. Clermont-Ganneau 70 (Repair of a Garment) | 49 |
| 21. | O. Cairo 49624 (Dedication of a Tunic) | 49 |
| 22. | O. Clermont-Ganneau 152 (Handling of Produce and the Sabbath) | 50 |
| 23. | O. Clermont-Ganneau 16 (Shopping Lists and Shipping Orders) | 51 |
| 24. | O. Clermont-Ganneau 169 (Shopping Lists and Shipping Orders) | 51 |
| 25. | O. Clermont-Ganneau 228 (Shopping Lists and Shipping Orders) | 52 |
| 25a. | O. Clermont-Ganneau 125? (Shopping Lists and Shipping Orders) | 53 |
| 26. | O. Clermont-Ganneau 186 (Shopping Lists and Shipping Orders) | 53 |
| 27. | O. Cairo 35468b (Shopping Lists and Shipping Orders) | 54 |
| 27a. | O. Clermont-Ganneau 277 (Greetings in the Names of the Gods) | 55 |
| 28. | BM 45035a (Miscellaneous) | 55 |
| 29. | BM 45035b (Miscellaneous) | 56 |
| IV. | Archives of the Jewish Community at Elephantine | 61 |
| 30. | AP 21 (Passover [?] and Unleavened Bread) | 65 |
| 31. | AP 38 (An Accusation and a Warning) | 67 |
| 32. | AP 56+34 (Riot and Imprisonment) | 68 |
| 33. | AP 27 (Accusation of Stopping a Well) | 70 |
| 34. | AP 30/31 (Razing of Temple and Petition for Aid) | 72 |
| 35. | AP 32 (Memorandum on Reconstructing the Temple) | 76 |
| 36. | AP 33 (A Petition and a Bribe) | 77 |
| V. | Letters from Persian Officials | 81 |
| 37. | AD 2 (Appointment of a Steward) | 85 |
| 38. | AD 4 (Reprimand to an Insubordinate Officer) | 86 |
| 39. | AD 3 (Slaves) | 87 |
| 40. | AD 5 (Slaves) | 88 |
| 41. | AD 6 (Rations for a Traveling Party) | 90 |
| 42. | AD 8 (Restoration of an Estate to Its Rightful Heir) | 91 |
| 43. | AD 7 (Reprimand to a Negligent Steward) | 93 |
| 44. | AD 10 (Overdue Rent) | 94 |
| 45. | AD 11 (Overdue Rent) | 96 |
| 46. | AD 9 (Commission for a Sculptor) | 97 |
| 47. | AD 12 (Complaints) | 98 |
| 48. | AD 13 (Complaint of Unsatisfactory Goods) | 100 |
| 49. | AP 29 (A Boatyard Work Order) | 101 |
| VI. | Two Hebrew Petitions and a Royal Order | 107 |
| 50. | Yavneh-Yam (Petition of a Poor Man) | 109 |
| 50a. | Moussaieff Hebrew Ostracon #2 (Petition of a Widow) | 110 |
| 50b. | Moussaieff Hebrew Ostracon #1 (A Royal Order) | 111 |
| VII. | Judean Military-Administrative Letters from Arad and Lachish | 113 |
| 51. | Arad 40 (A Report from Edom) | 118 |
| 52. | Arad 88 (A Royal Fragment) | 119 |
| 53. | Arad 24 (Orders from the King) | 119 |
| 54. | Arad 21 (Fragmentary Letter) | 120 |
| 55. | Arad 18 (Rations and Other Matters) | 121 |
| 56. | Arad 1 (Rations and Other Matters) | 121 |
| 57. | Arad 2 (Rations and Other Matters) | 122 |
| 58. | Arad 3 (Rations and Other Matters) | 122 |
| 59. | Arad 17 (Rations and Other Matters) | 123 |
| 60. | Arad 16 (Rations and Other Matters) | 124 |
| 61. | Lachish 2 (Greetings to a Superior Officer) | 124 |
| 62. | Lachish 3 (Protest of Literacy, Troop Movements, etc.) | 125 |
| 63. | Lachish 4 (Report on Signal-Fire and Other Matters) | 126 |
| 64. | Lachish 6 (Morale) | 127 |
| 65. | Lachish 16 (Fragment Mentioning a Prophet) | 128 |
| 66. | Lachish 5 (Rations) | 129 |
| 67. | Lachish 9 (Rations) | 129 |
| VIII. | Fragmentary and Miscellaneous | 133 |
| 67a. | Epistolary Formulas from Kuntillet Ajrud | 136 |
| 67b. | DJD 2, 17a (A Papyrus Letter Fragment from Murabaat) | 137 |
| 68. | Horvat Uza (An Edomite Note concerning Grain Delivery) | 137 |
| 69. | Tell el-Mazar (An Ammonite Note concerning Grain) | 138 |
| 70. | Saqqara (A Phoenician Letter) | 138 |
| 71. | Idumea Ostr 199 (An Aramaic Note concerning a Debt) | 139 |
| 72. | Idumea Ostr 196 (An Aramaic Note concerning the Release of a Woman) | 140 |
| Sources | 143 |
| Concordance of Texts | 149 |
| Bibliography | 157 |
| Glossary | 171 |
| Indexes | 175 |
