America's Black Sea Fleet: The U.S. Navy Amidst War and Revolution, 1919¿1923

In a high-tempo series of operations throughout the Black Sea, Aegean Sea and eastern Mediterranean, a small American fleet of destroyers and other naval vessels responded ably to several major international crises including the last days of the Russian Revolution and the 1920–1922 Turkish Nationalist Revolution. Officers and men of the navy’s “four-piper” destroyers began by investigating circumstances on the ground in mainland Turkey right after World War I, and by transporting American r...