An American Color: Race and Identity in New Orleans and the Atlantic World

For decades, scholars have conceived of the coastal city of New Orleans as a remarkable outlier, an exception to nearly every “rule” of accepted U.S. historiography. A frontier town of the circum-Caribbean, the popular image of New Orleans has remained a vestige of North America’s European colonial era rather than an Atlantic city on the southern coast of the United States.

Beginning with the French founding of New Orleans in 1718 and concluding with the outbreak of the American Civil War i...