BRS Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics

by Michael A. Lieberman PhD, Emma C. Schoch PhD

Overview

Practical, approachable, and perfect for today’s busy medical students and practitioners, BRS Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, 8th Edition, provides a comprehensive yet concise review to help ensure excellence on class exams and the USMLE Step 1. The renowned Board Review Series outline format offers efficient content review enhanced by key learning aids, clinical correlations, and USMLE-style questions to reinforce understanding and test preparation. Aligned with recent changes in medical education and board exams, this updated edition emphasizes clinically relevant information to boost confidence and support a smooth transition to medical practice.

• UPDATED! Content reflects the latest clinical approaches, including enhanced coverage of porphyria.
• UPDATED! More than 750 USMLE-style review questions in the text and available online strengthen retention and test-taking confidence.
• UPDATED! Clinical Pearls demonstrate the practical application of chapter concepts.
• Popular Board Review Series outline format saves time and streamlines review.
• 150-question Comprehensive Exam provides critical board review practice.   

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781975219871
Publisher:	LWW
Publication date:	01/10/2025
Series:	Board Review Series
Edition description:	Eighth
Pages:	464
Product dimensions:	7.00(w) x 10.00(h) x (d)

Table of Contents

Preface v

Acknowledgments vi

How to Use This Book vii

1 Fuel Metabolism and Nutrition: Basic Principles 1

Overview 1

I Metabolic Fuels and Dietary Components 1

II The Fed or Absorptive State 5

III Fasting 7

IV Prolonged Fasting (Starvation) 9

Review Test 12

2 Basic Aspects of Biochemistry: Organic Chemistry, Acid-Base Chemistry, Amino Acids, Protein Structure and Function, and Enzyme Kinetics 20

Overview 20

I A Brief Review of Organic Chemistry 20

II Acids, Bases, and Buffers 21

III Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds 23

IV Protein Structure 26

V Enzymes 35

Review Test 40

3 Gene Expression (Transcription), Synthesis of Proteins (Translation), and Regulation of Gene Expression 52

Overview 52

I Nucleic Acid Structure 53

II Synthesis of DNA (Replication) 59

III Synthesis of RNA (Transcription) 66

IV Protein Synthesis (Translation of mRNA) 70

V Regulation of Protein Synthesis 77

VI Recombinant DNA and Medicine 86

Review Test 96

4 Cell Biology, Signal Transduction, and the Molecular Biology of Cancer 109

Overview 109

I Compartmentation in Cells: Cell Biology and Biochemistry 110

II Cell Signaling by Chemical Messengers 116

III The Molecular Biology of Cancer 125

IV Cancer and Apoptosis 131

V Cancer Requires Multiple Mutations 132

VI Viruses and Human Cancer 133

Review Test 134

5 Generation of ATP from Metabolic Fuels and Oxygen Toxicity 145

Overview 145

I Bioenergetics 145

II Properties of Adenosine Triphosphate 147

III Electron Carriers and Vitamins 148

IV Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle 155

V Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation 160

VI Oxygen Toxicity and Free-Radical Injury 165

6 Carbohydrate Metabolism 181

Overview 181

I Carbohydrate Structure 181

II Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids 185

III Digestion of Carbohydrates 188

IV Glycogen Structure and Metabolism 190

V Glycolysis 197

VI Gluconeogenesis 205

VII Fructose and Galactose Metabolism 210

VIII Pentose Phosphate Pathway 213

IX Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels 216

Review Test 220

7 Lipid and Ethanol Metabolism 230

Overview 230

I Lipid Structure 232

II Membranes 233

III Digestion of Dietary Triacylglycerol 234

IV Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis 236

V Formation of Triacylglycerol Stores in Adipose Tissue 242

VI Cholesterol and Bile Salt Metabolism 243

VII Blood Lipoproteins 246

VIII Fate of Adipose Triacylglycerols 251

IX Fatty Acid Oxidation 252

X Ketone Body Synthesis and Utilization 257

XI Phospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism 259

XII Metabolism of the Eicosanoids 262

XIII Ethanol Metabolism 264

Review Test 267

8 Nitrogen Metabolism: Amino Acids, Purines, Pyrimidines, and Products Derived from Amino Acids 277

Overview 277

I Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorption 278

II Addition and Removal of Amino Acid Nitrogen 280

III Urea Cycle 282

IV Synthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids 284

V Interrelationships of Various Tissues in Amino Acid Metabolism 292

VI Tetrahydrofolate, Vitamin B₁₂, and S-Adenosylmethionine 296

VII Special Products Derived from Amino Acids 299

Review Test 311

9 Molecular Endocrinology and an Overview of Tissue Metabolism 323

Overview 323

I Synthesis of Hormones 323

II General Mechanisms of Hormone Action 327

III Regulation of Hormone Levels 327

IV Actions of Specific Hormones 328

V Biochemical Functions of Tissues 338

Review Test 347

10 Human Genetics-An Introduction 356

Overview 356

I Mendelian Inheritance Patterns 357

II Genes 357

III Mutations 358

IV Inheritance Patterns 359

V A Summary of Inheritance Patterns 364

VI Cytogenetics 365

VII Population Genetics 370

VIII Multifactorial Diseases (Complex Traits) 370

IX Triplet Repeat Expansions 371

X Imprinting 371

XI Epigenetics 373

XII The Genetics of Tumor Suppressors 373

XIII Metabolic Genetic Disorders Involving Carbohydrate and Lipid Pathways 375

Review Test 376

Comprehensive Examination 385

Index 427