Cesarean Section: An American History of Risk, Technology, and Consequence

Between 1965 and 1987, the cesarean section rate in the United States rose precipitously—from 4.5 percent to 25 percent of births. By 2009, one in three births was by cesarean, a far higher number than the 5–10% rate that the World Health Organization suggests is optimal. While physicians largely avoided cesareans through the mid—twentieth century, by the early twenty—first century, cesarean section was the most commonly ...