Everything Is Predictable: How Bayesian Statistics Explain Our World

by Tom Chivers

Overview

A “fascinating, witty, and perspective-shifting” (Oliver Burkeman, New York Times bestselling author) tour of Bayes’s theorem and its global impact on modern life from the acclaimed science writer and author of The Rationalist’s Guide to the Galaxy.

At its simplest, Bayes’s theorem describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event. But in Everything Is Predictable, Tom Chivers lays out how it affects every aspect of our lives. He explains why highly accurate screening tests can lead to false positives and how a failure to account for it in court has put innocent people in jail. A cornerstone of rational thought, many argue that Bayes’s theorem is a description of almost everything.

But who was the man who lent his name to this theorem? How did an 18th-century Presbyterian minister and amateur mathematician uncover a theorem that would affect fields as diverse as medicine, law, and artificial intelligence?

“Witty, lively, and best of all, extremely nerdy” (Tim Harford, author of The Undercover Economist), Everything Is Predictable is an entertaining and accessible illustration of how a single compelling idea can have far reaching consequences.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781668052600
Publisher:	Atria/One Signal Publishers
Publication date:	05/07/2024
Pages:	384
Product dimensions:	6.20(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.60(d)

About the Author

Tom Chivers is an author and the award-winning science writer for Semafor. His writing has appeared in The Times (London), The Guardian, New Scientist, Wired, CNN, and more. His books include Everything Is Predictable, The Rationalist’s Guide to the Galaxy, and How to Read Numbers.

Editorial Reviews

03/11/2024

This beguiling mathematical romp from science writer Chivers (The Rationalist’s Guide to the Galaxy) surveys the far-reaching applications of the statistics theorem elaborated by the 18th-century English minister Thomas Bayes, who showed how to estimate the probability that a hypothesis is true by considering new data alongside “prior” assessments of the hypothesis’s accuracy. (For instance, the theorem might determine the probability that a middle-aged woman has Covid by considering a positive test result alongside the virus’s prevalence rate among middle-aged women generally.) Bayes’s theorem produces startling insights that can upend conventional wisdom, Chivers writes, noting that the equation explains why “a cancer test can be 99 percent accurate even though 99 percent of the people it says have cancer don’t.” Examining the theorem in a raft of offbeat contexts, the author suggests its focus on evaluating new information in the context of previous beliefs sheds light on why vaccine skeptics are unmoved by evidence demonstrating vaccines’ safety and efficacy, and why contestants guessing which door hides a prize on Let’s Make a Deal should always switch their pick after the host reveals one of the losing doors. Chivers’s dive into probability theory is heady but lucid, and conveys arcane concepts in commonsensical prose. The result is a stimulating take on making sense of a murky, uncertain reality. Photos. Agent: Melissa Flashman, Janklow & Nesbit Assoc. (May)

Publishers Weekly

"An ingenious introduction to the mathematics of rational thinking."
—Kirkus

"Life is shot through with uncertainty, but in this fascinating, witty and perspective-shifting book, Tom Chivers shows why this needn't condemn us to powerlessness and panic. I finished Everything Is Predictable not only better informed about a captivating branch of mathematics, but with an invigorating sense of greater purchase on the world."
—Oliver Burkeman, New York Times bestselling author of Four Thousand Weeks: Time Management for Mortals

"One thing that is perfectly predictable is that Tom Chivers writes terrific books. This one is no exception: it's witty, lively and best of all, extremely nerdy. I learned a lot and so will you."
—Tim Harford, bestselling author of The Undercover Economist

"A remarkable book by a remarkable writer about a remarkable theorem. The statistical chance of it not changing how you see the world forever is zero."
—Will Storr, author of The Science of Storytelling

"From assessing the effectiveness of treatments, to the way consciousness works and the way we make decisions, Tom Chivers makes a compelling case that Bayes' Theorem is the one formula that everyone should understand."
—Ananyo Bhattacharya, author of The Man From the Future

"From an eighteenth-century cleric to the workings of the brain, Chivers explores the impact of Bayes theorem; the mathematical basis for learning under uncertainty. After neatly summarizing the history of probability and statistics, he handles the challenging and controversial Bayesian approach to scientific evidence, induction, decision-making, statistical modelling, prediction, and human perception and reasoning. All with his customary light touch, and full of quotes and vivid stories. A filling but very tasty book."
—David Spiegelhalter, author of The Art of Statistics

From the Publisher

2024-02-14
An instructive look at “how likely something is, given the evidence we have.”

In this compelling account, science writer Chivers, author of The Rationalist’s Guide to the Galaxy and How To Read Numbers, introduces us to Thomas Bayes, who developed “perhaps the most important single equation in history.” The author explains that life is not a chess game. It’s like poker, where we make decisions based on limited information. “The usual way to explain Bayes’ theorem is with medical testing,” writes the author. For example, does a woman with a positive mammogram have breast cancer? No test is perfect, but it must be nearly 100%, right? Wrong. Readers may be surprised to learn that a test that is 90% accurate (typical of a mammogram) isn’t the same as there being a 90% chance that it’s correct. Bayes predictions require additional information—in this case, the incidence of breast cancer in the population. Chivers may not be exaggerating his subject’s importance, but this is one of the longest of many popular books on Bayes’ theorem. Delving almost too deeply, he delivers a history of scientific prediction as well as the ongoing controversy within the statistics community between pro- and anti-Bayesian factions. He also offers a marginally relevant but jaw-dropping account of the current state of science, where ignorance or deliberate manipulation of statistics by ambitious researchers has produced an epidemic of studies announcing results that often can’t be reproduced. “Science,” he writes, “is explicitly about making predictions—hypotheses—and testing them….The problem is that in science, we like to think that there is an objective truth out there, and the Bayesian model of perception is explicitly subjective. A probability estimate isn’t some fact about the world, but my best guess of the world, given the information I have.”

An ingenious introduction to the mathematics of rational thinking.

Kirkus Reviews