Helical Laser Beams
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This book discusses helical Ince-Gaussian beams, which are presented as expansions in Hermite-Gaussian modes, and analytical expressions for the orbital angular momentum are obtained for them. In scalar optics, light is described by a complex amplitude, a complex function of three Cartesian coordinates. This function must be a solution to the scalar paraxial Helmholtz equation, which is equivalent to the Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics. There are not many known exact analytical so...























