Language and Reason in Islamic Thought: Fa?r al-Din al-Razi's Reconciliation of Man?iq and Bayan

This study delves into Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī's (1149–1210) theory of language, a pivotal yet underexplored facet of his intellectual legacy. Moving beyond his interactions with the Avicennian tradition, it positions al-Rāzī as an independent thinker. The work examines two often misinterpreted dimensions of his thought: his assertion that all concepts are self-evident, challenging traditional epistemology on conceptualization (taṣawwur) as advanced by Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī (870–950) and Ibn Sīnā...