Pagan Virtue in a Christian World: Sigismondo Malatesta and the Italian Renaissance

In 1462 Pope Pius II performed the only reverse canonization in history, publicly damning a living man. The target was Sigismondo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini and a patron of the arts with ties to the Florentine Renaissance. Condemned to an afterlife of torment, he was burned in effigy in several places in Rome. What had this cultivated nobleman done to merit such a fate?

Pagan Virtue in a Christian World examines anew the contributions and contradictions of the Italian Renaissance, and in particular how the recovery of Greek and Roman literature and art led to a revival of pagan culture and morality in fifteenth-century Italy. The court of Sigismondo Malatesta (1417–1468), Anthony D’Elia shows, provides a case study in the Renaissance clash of pagan and Christian values, for Sigismondo was nothing if not flagrant in his embrace of the classical past. Poets likened him to Odysseus, hailed him as a new Jupiter, and proclaimed his immortal destiny. Sigismondo incorporated into a Christian church an unprecedented number of zodiac symbols and images of the Olympian gods and goddesses and had the body of the Greek pagan theologian Plethon buried there.

In the literature and art that Sigismondo commissioned, pagan virtues conflicted directly with Christian doctrine. Ambition was celebrated over humility, sexual pleasure over chastity, muscular athleticism over saintly asceticism, and astrological fortune over providence. In the pagan themes so prominent in Sigismondo’s court, D’Elia reveals new fault lines in the domains of culture, life, and religion in Renaissance Italy.

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Pagan Virtue in a Christian World: Sigismondo Malatesta and the Italian Renaissance

In 1462 Pope Pius II performed the only reverse canonization in history, publicly damning a living man. The target was Sigismondo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini and a patron of the arts with ties to the Florentine Renaissance. Condemned to an afterlife of torment, he was burned in effigy in several places in Rome. What had this cultivated nobleman done to merit such a fate?

Pagan Virtue in a Christian World examines anew the contributions and contradictions of the Italian Renaissance, and in particular how the recovery of Greek and Roman literature and art led to a revival of pagan culture and morality in fifteenth-century Italy. The court of Sigismondo Malatesta (1417–1468), Anthony D’Elia shows, provides a case study in the Renaissance clash of pagan and Christian values, for Sigismondo was nothing if not flagrant in his embrace of the classical past. Poets likened him to Odysseus, hailed him as a new Jupiter, and proclaimed his immortal destiny. Sigismondo incorporated into a Christian church an unprecedented number of zodiac symbols and images of the Olympian gods and goddesses and had the body of the Greek pagan theologian Plethon buried there.

In the literature and art that Sigismondo commissioned, pagan virtues conflicted directly with Christian doctrine. Ambition was celebrated over humility, sexual pleasure over chastity, muscular athleticism over saintly asceticism, and astrological fortune over providence. In the pagan themes so prominent in Sigismondo’s court, D’Elia reveals new fault lines in the domains of culture, life, and religion in Renaissance Italy.

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Pagan Virtue in a Christian World: Sigismondo Malatesta and the Italian Renaissance

Pagan Virtue in a Christian World: Sigismondo Malatesta and the Italian Renaissance

by Anthony F. D'Elia
Pagan Virtue in a Christian World: Sigismondo Malatesta and the Italian Renaissance

Pagan Virtue in a Christian World: Sigismondo Malatesta and the Italian Renaissance

by Anthony F. D'Elia

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Overview

In 1462 Pope Pius II performed the only reverse canonization in history, publicly damning a living man. The target was Sigismondo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini and a patron of the arts with ties to the Florentine Renaissance. Condemned to an afterlife of torment, he was burned in effigy in several places in Rome. What had this cultivated nobleman done to merit such a fate?

Pagan Virtue in a Christian World examines anew the contributions and contradictions of the Italian Renaissance, and in particular how the recovery of Greek and Roman literature and art led to a revival of pagan culture and morality in fifteenth-century Italy. The court of Sigismondo Malatesta (1417–1468), Anthony D’Elia shows, provides a case study in the Renaissance clash of pagan and Christian values, for Sigismondo was nothing if not flagrant in his embrace of the classical past. Poets likened him to Odysseus, hailed him as a new Jupiter, and proclaimed his immortal destiny. Sigismondo incorporated into a Christian church an unprecedented number of zodiac symbols and images of the Olympian gods and goddesses and had the body of the Greek pagan theologian Plethon buried there.

In the literature and art that Sigismondo commissioned, pagan virtues conflicted directly with Christian doctrine. Ambition was celebrated over humility, sexual pleasure over chastity, muscular athleticism over saintly asceticism, and astrological fortune over providence. In the pagan themes so prominent in Sigismondo’s court, D’Elia reveals new fault lines in the domains of culture, life, and religion in Renaissance Italy.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780674088542
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Publication date: 01/04/2016
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 367
File size: 19 MB
Note: This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

Anthony F. D’Elia is Professor of History at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario.

Table of Contents

Cover

Title

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Illustrations

Chapter 1. The Pope’s Wrath and the Black Legend

Damnation

Bernardino of Siena’s Vision of Hell

The Anti-Sigismondo: Saint Catherine of Siena

The History of a Legend

A Classical Life for a Renaissance Lord

Chapter 2. Court Culture and the Renaissance in Rimini

The Castle

Connections and Cultural Models: Ferrara

Florence

Rome

Venice

Malatesta Novello (Lord of Cesena 1429–1465)

Chapter 3. The Greek Renaissance and the Return of the Paideia

The Renaissance of Greek

Greek in Rimini

Homer on the Adriatic

Homer and Pagan Virtue

Reviving the Greek Paideia

The Greek Athletic Ideal

A Hero’s Education and the Art of Hunting

Sigismondo and the Spartan Ideal

A Renaissance of Classical Wrestling

Chapter 4. An Ancient Hero on Renaissance Battlefields

The Making of a Classical Hero: Sigismondo’s Childhood and Virtue Revealed

Italy and the Barbarian Invasion

The First Tuscan War and the Siege of Piombino

Gradara, October 1446

The Second Tuscan War

Accusations

The Soul in Rimini: Astrology

Omens and Oracles

Plato and the Pagan Soul’s Afterlife

Sigismondo, Devout Pagan: Sacrifices

Oaths

Malatesta Heaven: Immortality and the Path of Glory

Sigismondo’s Journey to Heaven

Chapter 6. Pagan Sex and Heroic Virtue

Husband Gone Mad: From Lust Fiend to Uxoricide

Isotta’s Sacred Grove

An Imagined Romance: Sigismondo and Isotta

The Dead and Divinized Isotta

Porcellio on Jupiter’s Love for Isotta

Chapter 7. Questioning Virtue in Malatesta Literature

The Dangers of Classicism

Sculpture and Poetry in Sigismondo’s Court

Antiwar Rhetoric in the Hesperis

Other Heroes in Sigismondo’s Army

Sigismondo’s Prowess and the Debate over Ancients and Moderns

Chapter 8. Sigismondo’s Peril and Defiance

Sigismondo’s Hell

The War before Hell

Courting the Turk: Sigismondo and Mehmet II

After Hell

Conclusion: The Pagan Renaissance

Notes

Acknowledgments

Index

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