Providential Anti-Semitism: Nationalism and Polity in Nineteenth-Century Romania, Memoirs, American Philosophical Society (vol. 193)

Discusses how modernization and the birth of the nation state, with the concomitant impact of Western ideas, gave birth to a significantly different form of anti—Semitism in Romania. This type defined its national goals in a limited manner. That it did so would be critical in the 20th cent. for the survival of almost half a million Romanian Jews. Its unusual character would be hidden from view in most instances by a brutality of execution that has led observers over the course of the last h...