Quantum Photonics: Bimodes, Qubits, and Biphotons

This book introduces classical modal optics and discrete quantum systems using a common mathematical approach based on linear vector spaces. It explores the three key elements of photonic quantum information: the optical bimode, the qubit, and the photon. Both the bimode and qubit are represented as vectors in a two-dimensional linear vector space, but the qubit distinguishes itself through unique properties linked to quantum measurement. While optical bimodes can be mutually coupled, qubit...