Table of Contents
Book XI 1
Faith, the Mediator, and the Authority of Scripture 3
Creation, Time, and the Immutability of God 4
The Days of Creation and the Forms of Knowledge 7
The Creation of the Angels 9
The Divine Simplicity 11
The Angelic Fall 12
The Case of the Devil 15
The Separation of the Holy Angels from the Fallen Angels 18
The Goodness of God and the Goodness of Creation 19
Traces of the Trinity in Creation 24
The Holy Angels and Their Knowledge 30
Alternative Views of the Creation of the Angels 32
Conclusion 35
Book XII 36
The Difference between the Good and the Evil Angels: not Nature but Fault 37
The Cause of the First Evil Will 41
The Cause of the Good Will of the Good Angels 45
The Origin of Humankind 46
The "Date" of Man's Creation 48
Against Theories of World Cycles 50
Eternity and Time 51
Time, Infinity, and the Divine Knowledge 55
Ultimate Happiness: the Refutation of the Theory of World Cycles 58
God's Creation of the Human Race from One Man 62
God the Sole Creator 63
Humanity's Social Character 66
Book XIII 68
The Meanings of Death 69
Death as Punishment 70
The Death of the Saints 73
"Before Death," "after Death," and "in Death" 14
The Threat of Death 78
The Body and Ultimate Blessedness 80
The Issue of the Eternity of the Body 82
Happiness and the Body 83
Against the View that the Earthly Body Cannot Be in Heaven 83
Self-Contradictions in the Platonic View of the Body 85
The Body in Paradise 87
Spiritual Interpretations of Paradise 88
The Resurrected Body 89
The Animal Body and the Spiritual Body 90
The Breath Breathed into Man's Face 93
The Greek Terms Pneuma and Pnoe 94
The Question of Human Sexuality before the Fall 97
Book XIV 98
Living according to the Flesh and Living according to the Spirit 100
The Meaning of "Flesh" 101
Living according to Man, or Self, and Living according to God 103
The Flesh, or the Body, Is not Evil 104
The Will, the Passions, and Love 105
The Passions in the City of God 110
The Emotions and the Future Life 112
Emotion in the First Human Beings 115
The First Evil Will 116
The Human Fall 117
The Evil Will Precedes the Evil Act 119
Humility and Pride 120
The Punishment of Sin 121
Lust, Human Sexuality, and the Sense of Shame 123
Human Procreation Prior to the Fall 128
Sexuality before the Fall 130
The Happiness of Paradise 133
Man's Sin and God's Foreknowledge 135
Two Loves Have Made Two Cities 136
Book XV 138
Cain and Abel, the Earthly City and the Heavenly City 139
Israel: the Earthly Image of the Heavenly City 140
The Earthly City and the Heavenly City, Born of Nature and Born of Grace 141
The Goods of the Earthly City and the Conflicts to Which They Give Rise 142
Conflict between the Two Cities: the Flesh and the Spirit 143
Cain's Sacrifice and its Rejection 145
The Presentation of the Two Cities in the Lines of Descent from Cain and Seth 148
The Long Lives of the Ancients 150
The Numerical Discrepancies between the Greek and Hebrew Versions 151
The Issue of Sexual Maturity and the Lines of Descent 159
The Issue of Polygamy and Kinship Relations 162
The Lines of Descent from Cain and Seth down to the Flood 164
The Two Cities as Represented in the Two Lines of Descent 171
The Intermingling of the Two Cities: the Sons of God and the Daughters of Men 172
The Flood, Noah, and the Ark 177
The Flood: History and Allegory 180
Book XVI 184
The Prophetic Significance of Noah and His Sons 184
The Generations of the Sons of Noah 188
The Tower of Confusion and the Diversity of Human Languages 191
Are Monstrous Races Descended from Noah and thus from Adam? 195
The Line of Descent from Shem 198
The City of God among the Peoples of Earth 199
Heber and the Hebrew Language 200
Peleg, Nimrod and the Number of Peoples 201
A Turning Point: Abraham 203
Abraham's Departure from Haran 205
The First of God's Promises to Abraham 207
The Second Promise to Abraham 208
The Third Promise to Abraham 209
Abraham's Vision at Mamie 211
Abraham's Sons: the Birth of Ishmael and the Promise of Isaac 215
God's Appearance to Abraham at Mamre 220
The Birth and the Sacrifice of Isaac 221
Abraham's Marriage to Keturah 224
The Twins Born to Isaac 225
God's Promise to Isaac 226
The Blessing of Jacob 227
Jacob and Joseph 228
From Moses to David 234
Book XVII 237
The Age of the Prophets 237
The Types of Prophecy 240
The Prophecy of Hannah, Mother of Samuel 241
The Transformation of the Priesthood: the Prophecy to Eli 248
The Transformation of the Kingship: Saul and Samuel 253
David, Solomon, and the Prophetic Anticipation of Christ 256
David's Prophecies of Christ and the Church: the Psalms 264
Solomon's Prophecies of Christ and the Church 272
Prophecy after Solomon 275
Book XVIII 279
The Divisions in Human Society 280
Assyria as the "First Rome" and Rome as the "Second Babylon" 281
The Earthly Kingdoms and Their Gods from Abraham to the Exodus 282
The Earthly Kingdoms and Their Gods at the Time of Moses 286
The Naming of Athens 287
From the Exodus to the Death of Joshua 289
The Earthly Kingdoms and Their Gods in the Period of the Judges 292
The Fall of Troy and Tales of Human Beings Transformed into Animals 295
The Earthly Kingdoms in the Period of the Israelite Kings 299
The End of Assyria and the Founding of Rome 299
Sibyline Prophecies of Christ 301
The Rulers of Rome: from Romulus to the Babylonian Captivity of the Jews 304
The Hebrew Prophets: Hosea, Amos, Isaiah, Micah, Jonah, and Joel 306
The Hebrew Prophets: Obadiah, Nahum, and Habakkuk 310
The Hebrew Prophets: Jeremiah and Zephaniah 314
The Hebrew Prophets: Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, and Esdras 316
The Antiquity of Prophetic Wisdom 319
The Superiority of Divine Wisdom over Human Philosophy 323
The Translation of Hebrew Scripture into Greek: the Septuagint 325
Jewish History after the End of Prophecy 329
The Coming of Christ in Fulfillment of Prophecy 332
The Spreading of the Church: Persecutions and Consolations 336
The Persecutions of the Church 338
Peter's Supposed Act of Sorcery 341
Book XIX 346
The Ends of the Two Cities: the Supreme Good and the Supreme Evil 346
Varro: Possible Positions on the Supreme Good 347
Varro's Position on the Supreme Good and the Life of Happiness 349
The Supreme Good and the Supreme Evil according to the City of God: Eternal Life and Eternal Death 354
Happiness, the Supreme Good, Cannot Be Found in This Life 354
The Struggle of the Virtues against the Vices: Temperance, Prudence, and Justice 355
Fortitude and the Question of Suicide 356
The Miseries of Social Life: the Household and the City 359
The Miseries of Social Life: the World 361
The Miseries of Social Life: the Angels and the Demons 363
The Meanings of Peace 364
The Universal Desire for Peace 365
Peace and Order 368
Earthly Peace and Eternal Peace 370
Sin and Slavery 372
Earthly Peace and the Two Cities 374
The Issues of Certainty and Style of Life 376
The Definition of a Republic 377
Justice and the True God: against Porphyry 379
An Alternate Definition of a People 385
Earthly Peace and the City of God 386
The Supreme Evil: Eternal Misery 388
Book XX 389
The Day of Judgment 390
God's Inscrutable Justice 391
Testimonies to the Last Judgment from Scripture 393
Testimonies from the Gospel of Matthew: Judgment and Resurrection 393
Testimonies from the Gospel of John: the First and the Second Resurrection 396
Testimonies from the Book of Revelation: the Binding of the Devil for a Thousand Years 398
The Releasing of the Devil 403
The Thousand-Year Reign of the Saints 405
The Last Persecution and the Reign of the Saints with Christ 409
The Last Judgment, the Second Resurrection, and the Book of Life 413
The New Jerusalem 416
Testimony from the Apostle Peter the Destruction of this World 418
Testimonies from the Apostle Paul, the Corning of Antichrist 419
Paul on the Resurrection of the Dead 422
Testimonies from the Prophet Isaiah: the Separate Ends of the Good and the Evil 424
Testimonies from Daniel: Antichrist, the Resurrection, and the Eternal Reign of the Saints 430
Testimonies from the Psalms: the Perishing of the World and Christ's Coming as Judge 432
Testimonies from Malachi: the Purification of the Saints and Their Pure Offering to God 435
The Manifest Justice of God, the Spiritual Sense of the Law, and the Return of Elijah 439
How the Old Testament Points to Christ as Judge 441
The Events of the Last Judgment 445
Book XXI 447
The Body and Eternal Fire 448
The Issue of Eternal Pain 449
The Issue of Survival in Eternal Fire: Natural Wonders and the Power of God 451
The Issue of the Nature and Properties of Human Flesh 459
The Worm and the Fire: Eternal Punishment of Both Body and Soul 463
Material Fire as Punishment for Evil Spirits 464
The Issue of the Just Correlation of Temporal Sin and Eternal Punishment 466
The Issue of Remedial or Purgatorial Punishment 467
All Human Life on Earth is a Trial 469
The Warfare of Mesh against Spirit and of Spirit against Flesh 470
The Question of Divine Mercy and Eternal Punishment: Erroneous Views 472
Reply to Error the Devil and His Angels Will Suffer Eternal Punishment 477
Reply to Error: Eternal Punishment is Eternal 477
Reply to Error the Intercession of the Saints and the Prayers of the Church 478
Reply to Error: the Sense in Which God Does not Hold Back His Mercies in Anger 480
Reply to Error: the Sense in Which God's Sweetness is Hidden, and from Whom 481
Reply to Error: the All to Whom God Is Merciful 482
Reply to Error neither Participation in the Sacraments nor Perseverance in the Church Outweighs Immorality of Life 483
Reply to Error Who It Is That Is Saved as through Fire 485
Reply to Error: the Issue of Works of Mercy 488
Book XXII 495
The Will of God and the Fulfillment of the Divine Promise 497
The Resurrection of the Body: Reply to Objections 499
The Miracle of the World's Belief in the Resurrection 500
Miracles of the Present 505
The Witness of the Martyrs 518
The Issue of the Order of the Elements 520
Questions about the Character of the Resurrected Body 522
Response to the Questions 524
The Resurrection of Women's Bodies 526
The Meaning of Complete Manhood 527
Further Responses to Questions about the Resurrected Body 528
The Gift of the Life to Come 532
The Evils of this Life 533
The Struggles of the Righteous: the Battle against the Vices 536
The Goods of this Life 537
The Goods of the Life to Come 541
Against Philosophical Objections to the Resurrection of the Body 542
The Eternal Life of the Saints: the Vision of God 546
Will the Saints See God with the Eyes of the Spiritual Body? 547
The Felicity of the Saints: Seeing, Loving, and Praising God 551
Index of Scripture 555
Index 569
