The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas

by Monica Muñoz Martinez

Overview

Winner of the Caughey Western History Prize
Winner of the Robert G. Athearn Award
Winner of the Lawrence W. Levine Award
Winner of the TCU Texas Book Award
Winner of the NACCS Tejas Foco Nonfiction Book Award
Winner of the María Elena Martínez Prize
Frederick Jackson Turner Award Finalist

“A page-turner…Haunting…Bravely and convincingly urges us to think differently about Texas’s past.”
—Texas Monthly

Between 1910 and 1920, self-appointed protectors of the Texas–Mexico border—including members of the famed Texas Rangers—murdered hundreds of ethnic Mexicans living in Texas, many of whom were American citizens. Operating in remote rural areas, officers and vigilantes knew they could hang, shoot, burn, and beat victims to death without scrutiny. A culture of impunity prevailed. The abuses were so pervasive that in 1919 the Texas legislature investigated the charges and uncovered a clear pattern of state crime. Records of the proceedings were soon filed away as the Ranger myth flourished.

A groundbreaking work of historical reconstruction, The Injustice Never Leaves You has upended Texas’s sense of its own history. A timely reminder of the dark side of American justice, it is a riveting story of race, power, and prejudice on the border.

“It’s an apt moment for this book’s hard lessons…to go mainstream.”
—Texas Observer

“A reminder that government brutality on the border is nothing new.”
—Los Angeles Review of Books

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780674244825
Publisher:	Harvard University Press
Publication date:	04/14/2020
Pages:	400
Sales rank:	258,578
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.20(h) x 1.10(d)

About the Author

Monica Muñoz Martinez is Associate Professor of History at the University of Texas at Austin and a 2021 MacArthur Fellow. She is cofounder of the nonprofit organization Refusing to Forget, which calls for a public reckoning with racial violence in Texas. In addition to winning six book prizes, in 2019 The Injustice Never Leaves You was named a Five Books Best Book on White Supremacy and Texas Observer Best Texas Book of the Decade.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1

1 Divine Retribution 30

2 From Silence 76

3 Denial of Justice 120

4 Cultures of Violence 172

5 Idols 227

6 Reckoning with Violence 264

Epilogue 293

Notes 303

Acknowledgments 363

Index 371

Editorial Reviews

A groundbreaking work that lays bare the horrific reign of terror inflicted on innocent Tejanos, mostly in the Valley, by the Texas Rangers and affiliated mobs during the 1910s.

Texas Observer

This compelling book about survival and reckoning examines the efforts of communities in the U.S.–Mexico borderlands to wrestle with the meaning of painful episodes of violence. A graceful writer and talented storyteller, Martinez shows the families’ determination to recover these histories and heal wounds that have lasted for generations.

Geraldo Cadava

With eloquence and corazón, Monica Muñoz Martinez has crafted a magisterial study of state-sanctioned vigilante violence in rural Texas. Drawing on institutional archives, oral histories, and family records, she has uncovered horrific events whose deep trauma has carried across generations. She is the first historian to document the anti-lynching campaigns mobilized by Mexican Americans, especially widows seeking justice for their murdered husbands. The Injustice Never Leaves You is a rare, field-defining book that reminds us of the power of historical memory.

Vicki L. Ruiz

A page-turner…Haunting…Martinez has written a book that bravely and convincingly urges us to think differently about Texas’s past. But she has also written a book that tells us something about the future we are creating right now.

Texas Monthly

This is the book every Texan should read before casting their votes on border issues. It’s a sad, deeply disturbing account of the terrible atrocities and violence committed by Texas Rangers, law enforcement, and vigilantes against Tejanos and Mexicans in parts of rural Texas a little more than 100 years ago. This book should be standard curriculum in public schools and is a testament to the untold stories of so many who died and endured hardships and anti-Mexican violence at the hands of the government.

Dallas Observer

The border has always been a place upon which the United States has projected its fears, often at great cost to the people who live here. Much like the time recounted by Martinez, we are in a period of change in every area of life. Politicians have seized upon fears of change to lie about the border, demonize immigrants, and win elections. The history recovered in this book, which sheds light on the consequences of such rhetoric, is an important contribution to the truth.

José Rodríguez

Absolutely amazing…A groundbreaking book that sheds light on the anti-Mexican violence along the Texas-Mexico border in the early part of the 20th century…No longer can the history of murder at the hands of the Texas Rangers and other law enforcement agencies be hidden. This book will prove to be the preeminent book that all others will consult when researching this period of history. Martinez’s scholarship is truly unparalleled. This one is an absolute must-read.

Book Riot - Romeo Rosales

A masterful and sensitive work that reveals the ways in which ethnic Mexicans in Texas have dealt with the trauma of state-sanctioned police violence, mourned the loss of loved ones in their communities, and memorialized the victims by creating multigenerational records that counter state narratives.

Neil Foley

In this important and haunting book, Martinez not only documents the painful reality of anti-Mexican violence in Texas, she reveals how, despite the best efforts of the perpetrators, this violence was prevented from fading into oblivion because of the grassroots historical traditions of Tejano communities. The Injustice Never Leaves You opens up significant new insights on everything from state-building along the U.S.–Mexico border to questions of collective memory and historical trauma.

Karl Jacoby

An immensely powerful, haunting, and heartfelt book. It is a genuine page-turner that unflinchingly documents the history of violence and terror on the Texas-Mexico border…State racial terror and vigilantism worked hand in hand to establish a blueprint for sanctioned abuse and impunity.

Latin American Research Review - Ulices Piña

The Injustice Never Leaves You serves as a long-overdue reality check on the Texas Rangers’ legacy. Martinez traces the group’s history from its relatively humble beginnings in the 1830s—as a small band of armed men organized by Stephen F. Austin to protect settlers—to what it had become by the late 19th century: a state-sponsored terror squad directed to secure white racial hegemony along the Texas-Mexico border…As a renewed militarization of the border takes place, along with new state-sponsored crimes against migrants—see the Trump administration’s cruel family separation policies, for one—it’s an apt moment for this book’s hard lessons of non-textbook Texas history to go mainstream.

Texas Observer - Michael Sandlin

One of Martinez’s most important contributions is to remind us that violence against nonwhites was not simply a matter of private citizens going out of control for private reasons…She links the experiences of Mexican-Americans to those of African-Americans, understanding that enforcing white racial supremacy, through violence and other means—disfranchisement and Jim Crow—goes to the very heart of the story of Texas.

New York Review of Books - Annette Gordon-Reed

Through impeccable archival work and a rich trove of oral history and other testimony, Martinez excavates the record of anti-Mexican violence along the U.S.–Mexico border in Texas. The Injustice Never Leaves You is also an indispensable study of the subtler violence along the border of memory and forgetting. A brilliant, important book on the specificities of border history but also on the very nature of ‘history’ itself.

Matthew Frye Jacobson

Serves as a reminder that government brutality on the border is nothing new. In fact, it was the heart of the Texas Rangers’ mission a century ago.

Los Angeles Review of Books - Lily Meyer

A page-turner…Haunting…Martinez has written a book that bravely and convincingly urges us to think differently about Texas’s past. But she has also written a book that tells us something about the future we are creating right now.

Texas Monthly

The border has always been a place upon which the United States has projected its fears, often at great cost to the people who live here. Much like the time recounted by Martinez, we are in a period of change in every area of life. Politicians have seized upon fears of change to lie about the border, demonize immigrants, and win elections. The history recovered in this book, which sheds light on the consequences of such rhetoric, is an important contribution to the truth.

José Rodríguez

2018-06-18
Scholarly account of the long history of ethnic violence along the Texas-Mexico borderlands.In 1915 and 1916, a time of revolutionary upheaval in Mexico, when refugees were streaming across the border, Texas Rangers and American soldiers declared open season on ethnic Mexicans in a time known as the "bandit wars." During that yearlong campaign, writes Martinez (American Studies and Ethnic Studies/Brown Univ.), as many as 300 ethnic Mexicans were murdered—so many that "farmers raised concerns because their field laborers were fleeing to Mexico." Those Mexicans who remained performed a difficult calculus: when to travel, whom to hide from, whom to deal with. Meanwhile, the Texas Rangers, never known as an ecumenical organization, rewarded the criminalization of Mexicans and the murderousness of recruits, such as one fervent believer in deadly force whose "methods for ‘handling' ethnic Mexicans and African Americans earned praise from his supervising officers." Indeed, a contemporary account suggests, applicants to join the force need have only a single qualification: "that they had previously worked as gunmen and killed ethnic Mexicans." In an account that sometimes strays into academic aridity and postmodern tropism ("vernacular histories that lament anti-Mexican violence open new opportunities to recover marginalized histories"), Martinez explores a terrible history that reverberates today not only because of family memory and local curation (including a small-town Dairy Queen with a display of photographs of lynched Mexicans), but also because so many of its particulars seem taken from current headlines as refugees continue to die in the desert. The author closes by drawing close connections between migrants killed at the border by American law enforcement officials today with those who died a century ago, such as "Concepción García in 1919, shot and killed by a US soldier while crossing the Rio Grande, returning to Mexico from school in Texas."Timely and of considerable interest to students of borderlands history as well as of sociology.

Kirkus Reviews