Tunnel Boring Machines: Trends in Design and Construction of Mechanical Tunnelling: Proceedings of the international lecture series, Hagenberg Castle, Linz, 14-15 December 1995

In the past ten years there was a worldwide trend towards increased use of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM's). This trend covers a broad variety of applications ranging both from small diameters for sewers and other utilities to large diameters for double track railway and even three-lane highway tunnels. The response to this has been the development of both hard rock machines in the direction for application in soft ground, and soft ground TBM's to be used in soft rock. Parallel to the technic...