Venezuela: A History From Spanish Empire to Petro-State Collapse

For much of the twentieth century, Venezuela was one of Latin America's wealthiest nations. By the early twenty-first century, it had become a symbol of economic collapse, political paralysis, and mass migration. This book explains how that transformation unfolded and why recovery has proven so difficult.

Taking a long historical view, it traces Venezuela's development from Spanish colonial rule through independence, oil wealth, and the modern crisis. Rather than focusing on ideology or indi...