Blood, Guns, and Testosterone: Action Films, Audiences, and a Thirst for Violence

Since the early days of film, the representation of masculinity has changed considerably. In the beginning, men instinctively knew right from wrong. They rode to the rescue and saved the day in the nick of time to the admiration and gratitude of society. But over the decades, heroes have evolved from being larger than life and infallible to being cynical, washed up, unwanted outsiders. Violent content in these films also "evolved"-from fistfights and gunplay to brutal attacks and nuclear ex...