Mining Methods: Engineering Fundamentals

The extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the earth is referred to as mining. These are extracted as ores from an orebody, vein, lode, reef, etc. which are then processed with mechanical and chemical means to recover metals, gemstones, limestone, coal, etc. The extraction of petroleum and natural gas is also encompassed within this field. The techniques used in mining fall under the broad classification of surface mining and underground or sub-surface mining. Heavy m...