Neurobiology of Mental Illness

by Dennis S. Charney (Editor), Joseph D. Buxbaum (Editor), Pamela Sklar (Editor), Eric J. Nestler (Editor)

Overview

Our understanding of the neurobiological basis of psychiatric disease has accelerated in the past five years. The fourth edition of Neurobiology of Mental Illness has been completely revamped given these advances and discoveries on the neurobiologic foundations of psychiatry. Like its predecessors the book begins with an overview of the basic science. The emerging technologies in Section 2 have been extensively redone to match the progress in the field including new chapters on the applications of stem cells, optogenetics, and image guided stimulation to our understanding and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Sections' 3 through 8 pertain to the major psychiatric syndromes-the psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, dementias, and disorders of childhood-onset. Each of these sections includes our knowledge of their etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. The final section discusses special topic areas including the neurobiology of sleep, resilience, social attachment, aggression, personality disorders and eating disorders. In all, there are 32 new chapters in this volume including unique insights on DSM-5, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) from NIMH, and a perspective on the continuing challenges of diagnosis given what we know of the brain and the mechanisms pertaining to mental illness. This book provides information from numerous levels of analysis including molecular biology and genetics, cellular physiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, epidemiology, and behavior. In doing so it translates information from the basic laboratory to the clinical laboratory and finally to clinical treatment. No other book distills the basic science and underpinnings of mental disorders and explains the clinical significance to the scope and breadth of this classic text. The result is an excellent and cutting-edge resource for psychiatric residents, psychiatric researchers, doctoral students, and postdoctoral fellows the neurosciences.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780190240813
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	06/25/2013
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
File size:	49 MB
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About the Author

Dennis S. Charney, MD is Dean at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, and Anne and Joel Ehrenkranz Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology&Systems Therapeutics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, NY. He is a world expert in the neurobiology and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. He has made fundamental contributions to the understanding of neural circuits and neurochemistry related to human anxiety, fear, mood and discovery of new treatment for mood and anxiety disorders. He later expanded this area into pioneering research related to the psychobiological mechanisms of human resilience to stress. His work has been carried out over two decades at Yale University School of Medicine, and during four years at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). It continues today at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Joseph D. Buxbaum, PhD, is a Professor of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, where he is also director of the Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment. He is a world-renowned molecular geneticist and spearheads research into human psychiatric and neurological diseases. As Vice Chair for Research in Psychiatry, Dr. Buxbaum helps set the research direction for the Department, which is ranked among the top 20 psychiatry departments in the country in NIH funding. Pamela Sklar, MD, received her BA from St. John's College and her MD and PhD from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Neuroscience. She is a neuroscientist, human geneticist and clinical psychiatrist investigating the genetic causes of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A major focus of her prior work has been to identify susceptibility genes for psychiatric diseases by applying tools developed for understanding and characterizing human sequence variation. Currently, she is Chief of the Division of Psychiatric Genomics, and Professor of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomic Sciences. Eric J. Nestler, MD, PhD, received his BA, MD, and PhD degrees from Yale University. He then served on the Yale faculty, where he was named the Elizabeth Mears and House Jameson Professor of Psychiatry of Neurobiology and Director of the Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities. In 2000, Dr. Nestler was named the McGinley Professor of Psychiatry and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, before accepting his current position at Mount Sinai in 2008. Dr. Nestler has been a pioneer in the field of molecular psychiatry, whose research has helped us understand the molecular mechanisms of addiction and depression based on work in animal models.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents Contributors Preface SECTION I: Introduction to Basic Neuroscience Eric J. Nestler 1. Overview of Brain Development John L. R. Rubenstein 2. Neurochemical Systems in the Central Nervous System Ariel Y. Deutch and Robert H. Roth 3. Principles of Electrophysiology Evelyn K. Lambe 4. Principles of Signal Transduction Jean-Antoine Girault and Paul Greengard 5. Synaptic and Neural Plasticity Saïd Kourrich and Antonello Bonci 6. Principles of Molecular Biology Steven E. Hyman and Eric J. Nestler 7. Epigenetics of Psychiatric Diseases Bryan E. McGill and Huda Y. Zoghbi SECTION II: New Methods and New Technologies for Preclinical and Clinical Neurobiology Karl Deisseroth 8. Transgenic Tools and Animal Models of Mental Illness Lisa M. Monteggia, William Carlezon, Jr. and Ralph J. DiLeone 9. Application of Stem Cells to Understanding Psychiatric Disorders Kimberly M. Christian, Hongjun Song and Guo-li Ming 10. Optogenetic Technologies for Psychiatric Disease Research: Current Status and Challenges Lief E. Fenno and Karl Deisseroth 11. Blood-Brain Barrier Opening and Drug Delivery Using Focused Ultrasound and Microbubbles Elisa E. Konofagou 12. Genetic Methodologies and Applications Shaun M. Purcell 13. The Brain and Its Epigenome Amanda C. Mitchell, Yan Jiang, Cyril J. Peter, Ki A. Goosens and Schahram Akbarian 14. Network Methods for Elucidating the Complexity of Common Human Diseases Eric E. Schadt 15. Brain Imaging Methodologies Hanzhang Lu, Yihong Yang and Peiying Liu 16. Image-Guided Brain Stimulation Mark S. George, John J. Taylor and Jaimie M. Henderson SECTION III: Psychotic Disorders Pamela Sklar 17. Diagnosis of the Psychoses Lianne Morris Smith, Julie W. Messinger and Dolores Malaspina 18. Genetics of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Pamela Sklar 19. Genomic Syndromes in Schizophrenia: Overlapping Phenotypes George Kirov, Michael O'Donovan and Michael J. Owen 20. Neuroimaging of Psychotic Disorders Stephan Heckers, Neil Woodward and Dost Öngür 21. Cognitive and Motivational Neuroscience of Psychotic Disorders Alan Anticevic, Erin C. Dowd and Deanna M. Barch 22. Mouse Models of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Mikhail V. Pletnikov and Christopher A. Ross 23. Cortical GABA Neurons in Schizophrenia Allison A. Curley and David A. Lewis 24. Synaptic Disease in Psychiatry Seth G. N. Grant 25. Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia Ester J. Kwon, Takahiro Soda and Li-Huei Tsai 26. Psychosis Proneness Raquel E. Gur 27. Psychotic Disorders: Neurochemistry and Pharmacotherapy Carol A. Tamminga and Elena I. Ivleva 28. The Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder Katherine E. Burdick, Stephen J. Haggarty, and Roy Perlis SECTION IV: Mood Disorders Helen S. Mayberg 29. The Diagnosis of Mood Disorders Jan Fawcett and Brant Hager 30. Genetics of Depression Douglas F. Levinson 31. Animal Models of Mood Disorders Georgia E. Hodes and Scott J. Russo 32. Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of Depression and Mechanisms for Treatment Response Ronald S. Duman 33. Pathogenesis of Depression: Clinical Studies Maura A. Furey, Daniel C. Mathews and Carlos A. Zarate Jr. 34. Neural Circuitry of Depression Joseph L. Price and Wayne C. Drevets 35. Neurobiology of Depression in Later Life: Anatomy of Melancholia K. Ranga Rama Krishnan 36. Gonadal Steroids and Mood Disorders David R. Rubinow, Peter J. Schmidt and Claire D. Craft 37. Depression and Medical Illness Tami D. Benton, Joshua Blume, Paul Crits-Christoph, Benoit Dube and Dwight L. Evans 38. Treatments for Depression Dan V. Iosifescu, James W. Murrough and Dennis S. Charney SECTION V: Anxiety Disorders Kerry J. Ressler 39. Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders Meghan E. Keough, Murray B. Stein and Peter P. Roy-Byrne 40. Genetics of Anxiety Disorders Javier A. Perez, Takeshi Otowa, Roxann Roberson-Nay and John M. Hettema 41. The Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety: Contributions of Animal Models to Current Understanding Christopher K. Cain, Gregory M. Sullivan and Joseph E. LeDoux 42. Differential roles of GABA Receptors in Anxiety Hanns Möhler 43. Prefrontal Cortex Regulation of Emotion and Anxiety Bronwyn M. Graham and Mohammed R. Milad 44. Developmental Components of Fear and Anxiety in Animal Models Siobhan S. Pattwell, Anne-Marie Mouly, Regina M. Sullivan and Francis S. Lee 45. Functional Neurocircuitry and Neuroimaging Studies of Anxiety Disorders Madeleine S. Goodkind, Anett Gyurak and Amit Etkin 46. Novel Treatment Approaches for Anxiety Disorders Anita Van Zwieten, Gail A. Alvares and Adam J. Guastella 47. Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders James W. Murrough, Dan V. Iosifescu, and Dennis S. Charney 48. Neurobiology and Treatment of OCD Susanne E. Ahmari and H. Blair Simpson 49. Neurobiology and Treatment of PTSD Karen E. Murray, Orion P. Keifer, Jr., Kerry J. Ressler, Seth Davin Norrholm and Tanja Jovanovic SECTION VI: Substance Use Disorders Antonello Bonci and Nora D. Volkow 50. Animal Models of Addiction Rafael Maldonado, J. David Jentsch, Brigitte L. Kieffer, and Christopher J. Evans 51. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Addiction Kathryn J. Reissner and Peter W. Kalivas 52. The Genetic Basis of Addictive Disorders David Goldman 53. Brain Development and the Risk for Substance Abuse Kristina Caudle and BJ Casey 54. Molecular Imaging in Addictive Disorders Chelsea L. Robertson, Steven M. Berman and Edythe D. London 55. Brain, Reward, and Drug Addiction Vani Pariyadath, Martin P. Paulus and Elliot A. Stein 56. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies in Substance Abusers Linda Chang, Christine C. Cloak and John L. Holt 57. Pharmacotherapy of Substance Use Disorders Jane B. Acri and Phil Skolnick 58. Epidemiology of Substance Use Disorders Denise B. Kandel, Mei-Chen Hu and Pamela C. Griesler SECTION VII: Dementia David M. Holtzman 59. Clinical and Neuropsychological Features of Alzheimer's Disease Jason Hassenstab, Jeffrey Burns and John C. Morris 60. The Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Rudolph E. Tanzi 61. Experimental Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease Dave Morgan 62. Structural, Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease James B. Brewer, Jorge Sepulcre and Keith A. Johnson 63. Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Anne M. Fagan 64. Current Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease Mary Sano and Judith A. Neugroschl 65. Disease-Modifying Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease Joshua D. Grill and Jeffrey Cummings 66. Lewy Body Dementias Stella Karantzoulis and James E. Galvin 67. Clinical Features and Pathogenesis of FTD Georges Naasan and Bruce Miller 68. Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular and Mixed Dementias Helena Chang Chui 69. Clinical Features and Pathogenesis of Prion Disease Joel C. Watts and Michael D. Geschwind SECTION VIII: Psychiatric Disorders of Childhood Onset Joseph D. Buxbaum 70. Epidemiology of Neuropsychiatric and Developmental Disorders of Childhood Elise B. Robinson, Benjamin M. Neale and Mark J. Daly 71. Rare Variants of Substantial Effect in Psychiatric Disorders of Childhood Onset Heather C. Mefford 72. Epigenetics in Early Life Programming Tracy L. Bale 73. Animal Models in Psychiatric Disorders of Childhood Onset Richard Paylor, Alexia M. Thomas, Surabi Veeraragavan and Shannon M. Hamilton 74. Neuropathology and Synaptic Alterations in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Mara Dierssen and Salvador Martínez 75. Functional Connectivity: Application to Developmental Disorders Luke Bloy, Ragini Verma and Timothy P.L. Roberts 76. Intellectual Disability Syndromes Charles E. Schwartz, Fiorella Gurrieri and Giovanni Neri 77. Autism Spectrum Disorders Alexander Kolevzon, A. Ting Wang, David Grodberg and Joseph D. Buxbaum 78. Neurobiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Stephen V. Faraone and Joseph Biederman 79. Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders Kyle Williams, Michael H. Bloch, Matthew W. State and Christopher Pittenger 80. Novel Therapeutics in Childhood Onset Psychiatric Disorders Dorothy E. Grice, Alexander Kolevzon, Walter E. Kaufmann and Joseph D. Buxbaum SECTION IX: Special Topic Areas Dennis S. Charney 81. DSM-5 Overview and Goals David J. Kupfer and Susan K. Schultz 82. The Infirmities of Psychiatric Diagnosis Steven E. Hyman 83. Toward Precision Medicine in Psychiatry: The NIMH Research Domain Criteria Project Bruce N. Cuthbert and Thomas R. Insel 84. The Neurobiology of Personality Disorders: The Shift to DSM-5 M. Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez, Antonia S. New and Larry J. Siever 85. The Neurobiology of Aggression R. James R. Blair 86. Neurobiology of Social Attachment Adam S. Smith, Kelly Lei and Zuoxin Wang 87. The Neurobiology of Sleep Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli 88. The Neurobiology of Resilience Adriana Feder, Margaret Haglund, Gang Wu, Steven M. Southwick and Dennis S. Charney 89. The Neurobiology of Eating Disorders Thomas B. Hildebrandt and Amanda Downey Index

Editorial Reviews

4 Stars! from Doody

This is not a how-to book for diagnosis and treatment, nor should it be regarded as offering an overview of schools of thought in modern psychiatry. It is, rather, a reference book on the neurobiologic underpinnings of our concepts of psychiatric illness. It should find a place on the shelf of practitioners in mental health-related fields, since it will help them interpret the reports they will see in the future on genetic and neuroanatomical abnormalities in their patients.

New England Journal of Medicine

This is an outstanding and comprehensive textbook covering the current state of progress in the neurobiological mechanisms involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. Edited and authored by internationally recognized researchers, this is an exceptionally valuable contribution to this field. The purpose, according to the editors, is to track the evolving progress in the neurobiological basis of psychiatric illness and further the maturation of psychiatry as a modern medical specialty. The have certainly succeeded in their goal. The intended audience is psychiatrists and other mental health workers. It should be mandatory reading for residents in psychiatrist training programs. Part I is an overview of the basic neuroscientific underpinnings of psychiatry. Part 2 is a review of the ""tools that are currently available to study mental illness in humans."" The remaining sections cover such topics as dementia and childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. The sections begin with a critical overview of the diagnostic categories and the subsequent chapters are reviews of animal models, with current theories regarding the biological basis of specific psychopathologies followed by the neurobiological basis for treatment. Each chapter ends with up-to-date and useful references. The book ends with a useful index. This is an extremely valuable textbook on the biological basis of psychiatry. Clinicians and researchers as well as trainees will, without a doubt, benefit from reading and referring to it.

Michael J. Schrift

Reviewer: Michael Schrift, DO (University of Washington School of Medicine)
Description: This is the third edition of this outstanding and comprehensive book covering the progress made in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. Written and edited by the major researchers in psychiatry, this outstanding book remains a significant and important contribution to the field.
Purpose: The purpose is to update readers on the enormous advances that have been made in neuroscience related to psychiatric disorders. The editors state, "The field stands poised to make dramatic advances in defining disease pathogenesis, developing diagnostic methods capable of identifying specific and valid disease entities, discovering novel and more effective treatments, and ultimately preventing psychiatric disorders."
Audience: The intended audience is psychiatrists, psychologists, trainees in psychiatry, psychology, and neuroscience, as well as mental health workers who want to know what modern psychiatry is about.
Features: This edition is significantly revised, but continues to be divided into nine parts, now with 80 chapters, seven more than the second edition. Part 1 is an overview of basic neuroscience. Part 2 covers methods of clinical neurobiological research with chapters on such topics as epidemiology, molecular genetics, psychophysiology, neurochemistry, neuroimmunology, cognitive neuroscience, and neuroimaging. Parts 3 through 8 review the neurobiological aspects of psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, dementia, and childhood onset disorders. Part 9 contains very interesting chapters on neuropsychiatry, personality, aggression, sexual dysfunction, social attachment, eating disorders, menstrual-related mood disorders, circadian rhythms, sleep, and the neurobiology of resilience. Each chapter ends with relevant and timely citations.
Assessment: This book is an outstanding testament to the effort made towards a fundamental understanding of psychiatric disorders. The third edition is an excellent and extensive update on the biological basis of psychiatric disorders. Every psychiatrist should read and refer to this book. It covers the basis of modern psychiatry.

Doody's Review Service

"As psychiatric diagnoses continue to be hotly debated, the Fourth Edition of this mainstay volume reminds the field of our deeper understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of the brain, just a decade after the first Edition was published. This completely revamped Edition highlights articles by leaders in the fields of psychiatry and neuroscience and offers intelligent insights into how neuroscience may impact how we will diagnose and treat individuals suffering from mental illness in the very near future. The book continues to be a tour de force."
— Dilip V. Jeste, M.D., Estelle and Edgar Levi Chair in Aging, Director, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry & Neurosciences
University of California, San Diego
President, American Psychiatric Association, 2012

"The editors have compiled an outstanding and comprehensive overview of the biological basis of mental illness including detailed descriptions of state-of-the-art molecular, cellular, and circuit methodologies in animals and people that will lead the field to improved diagnostic tests and treatments for these debilitating conditions. This book is an important resource for those interested in entering the field as well as for accomplished researchers and practitioners."
— Arvid Carlsson, MD, PhD, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, 2000

"This book continues to be an outstanding testament to the effort made towards fundamental understanding of psychiatric disorders. The fourth edition is an excellent and complete update on the biological basis of psychiatric disorders. Every psychiatrist should read and refer this book." — Doody's

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